Human Trafficking in [Niger Street Children in [Niger] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Niger] [other countries] |
Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery In the early
years of the 21st Century - 2000 to 2010 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Niger.htm
Niger is a source, transit, and
destination country for children and women trafficked for forced labor and commercial
sexual exploitation. Caste-based slavery practices, rooted in ancestral
master-slave relationships, continue primarily in the northern part of the
country. An estimated 8,800 to 43,000 Nigeriens
live under conditions of traditional hereditary slavery. Children within |
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CAUTION: The following links have been
culled from the web to illuminate the situation in ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** September 8, 2004 www.jihadwatch.org/2004/09/africa-slavery-lives-on.html [accessed 12 March 2011] Last year, the ***
ARCHIVES *** The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms
of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/niger.htm [accessed 12 December 2010] INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Human Rights Reports » 2005
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 8, 2006 www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61585.htm [accessed 12 December 2010] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS –
Trafficking in persons generally was conducted by small operators who
promised well‑paid employment in the country. Victims, primarily from
neighboring countries, were escorted through the formalities of entering the
country and found that their employment options were restricted to poorly paid domestic work or prostitution. Victims had to use a
substantial portion of their income to reimburse the persons who brought them
to the country for the cost of the trip. Compliance was enforced by
"contracts," which were signed by illiterate victims before they
departed their countries of origin; alternatively, traffickers seized
victim's travel documents. A local NGO also reported that some rural children
were victims of domestic trafficking in which the victim (or his/her family)
was promised a relatively decent job only to be placed in a home to work as a
servant. African Slavery and Trafficking Sarah Williams, Voice of www.wwenglish.com/t/d/voastan/2005/5/13865.htm [accessed 29 August 2011] [scroll down, for English] Early in March, the government of Still with us - A botched release of slaves in The Economist, Mar 9th 2005 www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3737154 [accessed 9 September 2011] Anti-Slavery International, a
London-based human rights group, estimates that 43,000 slaves are held in
Niger, which the United Nations reckons to be the second-least-developed
country in the world. Slaves in the landlocked west African country form a stigmatised, closed class. Even freed slaves carry the
taint of their hereditary status, and their former masters or parents’
masters may claim some or all of their income, property and dowries. Sarah Left, The Guardian, 5 March 2005 www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/mar/05/sarahleft [accessed 12 March 2011] Around 7,000 people living as
slaves in The chief of the In Ates region will free all slaves in the area under his
control, where entrenched slavery means 95 % of the population are owned and
controlled by the other 5%. Slaves in Freedom House Country Report - Political Rights: 3 Civil Liberties: 4 Status:
Partly Free 2009 Edition www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7674 [accessed 12 December 2010] Human Rights Overview Human Rights Watch [accessed 12 December 2010] Slavery in October 26, 2004 At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 9 September 2011] [scroll down] Almost 50,000 people still live as
slaves in Slavery has always been practised by the rulling
classes in Slaves are owned and controlled by
their masters, receiving a meagre amount of food
and a place to sleep in return for their labour, the study found. "The
master decides who a slave marries and whether their children go to school.
Many of those interviewed in the survey had also been subjected to violence,
rape, degrading treatment and threats." Testimony: Former BBC News, 3 November 2004 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3972669.stm [accessed 12 December 2010] Assibit, 50, describes life as a slave in
Assibit would begin work at 0530 -
pounding millet and milking the camels.
She would then prepare breakfast for her master and his family - she
and her family ate the leftovers. While
her husband and sons tended the cattle and camels, she and her daughter did
all the household chores. These
included moving the heavy tent four times a day to ensure her mistress could
sit in the shade. Assibit
prepared lunch and spent the rest of the day collecting water and firewood. September 8, 2004 www.jihadwatch.org/2004/09/africa-slavery-lives-on.html [accessed 12 March 2011] Last year, the Slavery in Anti-Slavery International & Association Timidira, Edited
by Galy kadir Abdelkader, March
2004 At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 9 September 2011] [page 13]
INTRODUCTION -
This study is aimed at contributing to the setting up of the necessary
mechanisms to eradicate slavery in The Anti-Slavery Award Anti-Slavery International At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 9 September 2011] PREVIOUS ANTI-SLAVERY AWARD WINNERS
– Timidria received the 2004 Anti-Slavery
Award for its pioneering work against slavery in
Niger. It spearheaded the anti-slavery movement in Drama as BBC News, 19 December, 2003 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3334099.stm [accessed 12 December 2010] In May this year, acting under
pressure According to a local anti-slavery organisation, Timidria, the
victims are usually aged between 14 and 25.
Males slaves are forced to work in farms and
tender cattle, while women are confined to domestic duties. The organisation
says many female slaves are raped and subjected to other forms of sexual
abuse by their masters. Men who
disobey orders are flogged or in serious instances castrated. Slavery in United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission
on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Working Group on
Contemporary Forms of Slavery, 28th Session, At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 9 September 2011] Signs, such as the wearing of
particular ankle bracelets, are used to identify those of a slave caste as
being distinct from the general population. In this way those born into the
slave caste are constantly subjected to social discrimination and it is
extremely difficult for them to move beyond their given status, for example
in terms of work or marriage. Overt violence or coercion are
not always required in order to ensure that slaves continue to function
within the traditional social structures, which prescribe them a subordinate
status. Social conditioning, societal pressure, lack of education or a
perceived lack of alternatives may be sufficient to retain control over the
individual. Integrated Regional Information Networks IRIN, www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=43737 [accessed 12 December 2010] Although In Africa, Idy Baraou,
BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2236499.stm [accessed 12 December 2010] DISOBEDIENCE - Talking about his ordeal, Mr Mohamet explained that he
was being whipped everyday because he was suspected of wanting to rebel
against his master. He said he had
recently been sold to a new owner, known for his cruelty towards his slaves.
His new master accused him of rebellion and disobedience. Mr Mohamet said if he had not escaped, he would have been
castrated this week. His master tried
to control his slaves by castrating them or using amputation. ICFTU Releases Report On Labour Standards Australian Council of Trade Uniions
ACTU, 24 September 2003 www.actu.org.au/public/international/trade/1064532362_20452.html [accessed 12 December 2010] The situation concerning child
labour is alarming. The vast majority of children in Rescued Idy Baraou,
BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1697133.stm [accessed 12 December 2010] Aid workers have been giving
details of the physical and psychological trauma suffered by 10 slaves rescued
on Monday in the Tahoua region of northern Integrated Regional Information Networks IRIN News www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=29224 [accessed 12 December 2010] One of them, Oumou
Raicha, told Timidria
that for many years, she was repeatedly raped by Waglassane.
"Since I was a small child, my master used to force me to sleep with
him," she was quoted as saying. "I had many suitors, but the master
opposed my marriage on many occasions. What I want now is to have a family
and live freely." She had three
daughters by her master, two of whom died. The third, eight-year-old Aggada,
was taken from her by Waglassane and given to his
"legitimate" daughter as a "marriage gift". Child labor and child slaves Dr. Dipak Basu,
Professor in Economics at www.wsws.org/articles/2000/jan2000/chld-j07.shtml [accessed 12 December 2010] Liptako is a major gold mining area in The child laborers manually carry
sacks that weigh 5-10 kg. In addition to the danger of falling rocks, the
children can also fall down mine shafts. They are exposed to risks such as
explosions, asphyxiation, dust, dermatoid, flooding
and drowning in the mines. They also face very high or very low temperatures,
dangerous air and space, bilharziosis due to
polluted water where they wash gold ores and dangerous materials used in
mining and processing. The nearest medical facilities are 60 km away. Child Labour Persists Around The World: More Than 13
Percent Of Children 10-14 Are Employed International Labour Organisation (ILO) News, www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/press-and-media-centre/news/WCMS_008058/lang--en/index.htm [accessed 4 September 2011] "Today's child worker will be
tomorrow's uneducated and untrained adult, forever trapped in grinding
poverty. No effort should be spared to break that vicious circle", says
ILO Director-General Michel Hansenne. Among the countries with a high
percentage of their children from 10-14 years in the work force are: Mali,
54.5 percent; Burkina Faso, 51; Niger
and Uganda, both 45; Kenya, 41.3;
Senegal, 31.4; Bangladesh, 30.1; Nigeria, 25.8; Haiti, 25; Turkey, 24; Côte
d'Ivoire, 20.5; Pakistan, 17.7; Brazil, 16.1; India, 14.4; China, 11.6; and
Egypt, 11.2. All material used herein
reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for noncommercial,
nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE
RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES.
Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery - |
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Human Trafficking in [Niger Street Children in [Niger] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Niger] [other countries]