Human Trafficking in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]
Street Children in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]
Child Prostitution in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]
 

Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery

Kazakhstan                                                                                   [ Country-by-Country Reports ]

Kazakhstan [map] is the second largest of the former Soviet Union republics, measuring 2,000 kilometers, east to west, and 1,200 kilometers, north to south.  It is bordered by the Russian Federation (N & W), by Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan (S), and by China (E).  Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - and a solid 9.5% in 2002 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment. Growth remained at the high 9% level in 2003 and 2004. The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector, by developing light industry. Additionally, the policy aims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel.

Kazakhstan is a source, transit, and destination country for men and women from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Ukraine trafficked to Russia and the U.A.E. for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Kazakhstani men and women are trafficked internally and to the U.A.E., Turkey, Israel, Greece, Russia, and Germany for purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor. - U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report, June, 2007  [full country report]

 

CAUTION:  The following links have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in Kazakhstan.  Some of these links may lead to websites that present allegations that are unsubstantiated or even false.  No attempt has been made to validate their authenticity or to verify their content.

U.S. Dept of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs

INCIDENCE AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Reports also indicate a rise in the number of children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation, pornography and drug trafficking in urban areas.  Children working as domestic servants are often invisible and, for this reason, also vulnerable to exploitation.  Kazakhstan is a source, transit, and destination country for trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labor.  Girls in their teens are one of the primary targets for trafficking from Kazakhstan to other countries.  Internal trafficking from rural to urban areas also occurs.

Bur of Democracy, Human Rights & Labor - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS – Traffickers targeted young women in their teens and 20s for sexual exploitation. According to NGOs, most women were recruited with promises of good jobs or marriage abroad. Travel, employment, and marriage agencies often recruited victims through advertisements promising lucrative jobs abroad. Offers to participate in international beauty contests also were used. Previously trafficked women reportedly recruited new victims personally. Many trafficking victims appeared to be aware or at least to suspect that they were going to work as prostitutes, but did not expect to work in slave‑like conditions. Most trafficked persons traveled to their destinations on forged passports obtained abroad, most often from Russia or the Kyrgyz Republic.

Adolescents raised in orphanages, regardless of gender, and residents of rural and economically disadvantaged areas were particularly vulnerable to being trafficked. The country's relative prosperity otherwise served as a factor against citizens being trafficked through seeking employment abroad. During the year an orphanage director in the southern part of the country was caught attempting to traffic teenage girls to the UAE. The highly publicized case remained ongoing at year's end.

Men and women were trafficked to the country for labor exploitation; some evidence also suggested children were trafficked from Uzbekistan for agriculture and domestic labor. Officials often did not discriminate between illegal labor migrants and victims of trafficking. There were credible reports of organized criminal trafficking rings bringing construction laborers to Astana. Employers and trafficking accomplices usually held trafficked workers' passports during their stay in the country. Victims reported traffickers used debt bondage, violence, or threats of violence to compel them to work.

Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - 2003

[45] The Committee notes the existence of the National Board on Adoption and of regulations for organizations involved in domestic and inter-country adoption.  However, taking into account the very large number of abandoned children, the Committee is concerned at the lack of a comprehensive policy regarding domestic and inter-country adoption, including effective monitoring and follow-up of adoptions.

[72] The Committee is concerned at:       (a) The growing involvement of children in the sex industry and the apparent indifference of society towards the issue of child prostitution, including reports of parents themselves reportedly forcing their children to earn money through prostitution;  (b) The lack of specialized centres to accommodate and provide qualified services, including psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation and reintegration programmes, for child victims of sexual violence.

EU Presses Russia on Human Trafficking

Like many struggling young people in the former Soviet republics, 17-year-old Maryam dreamed of a better life. She thought she was on her way to one when she decided to leave her native Kazakhstan to work as a shop assistant in Russia.

Maryam said she was lured into the trap by a man named Dastan, who paid her parents $300, gave her a false passport, and accompanied her to Samara, a central Russian city with a population of 1.3 million people. Her story is among those included in a report by the Geneva-based International Labor Organization (ILO) on human trafficking, released at the end of 2005.

Atyrau authorities plan to prevent human trafficking

Presentation of plan of measures on struggle and prevention of crimes connected with human trafficking for 2006-2008 took place in the Atyrau oblast (a region of Kazakhstan).Local authorities plan to hold actions with the help of mass media in order to raise public awareness, arrange seminars and so on. They also intend to strengthen control over illegal migration of foreign citizens to the region, check activity of employment agencies and organizations rendering services to the population on preparation of documents of Kazakhstan’s citizens leaving abroad.

Kazak Women Sold as Sex Slaves

When teenagers Lyuda and Sveta were offered work in Turkey, the promised salary of 400-450 US dollars per month was beyond their wildest dreams.  Little did they know of the horror that awaited them in Turkey where, like increasing numbers of women from the southern regions of the country, they were sold as sex slaves.

Kazakhstan Ups Efforts To Combat Human Trafficking

12 criminal cases were opened under the Criminal Code's "human trafficking" statute in 2004, twice as many as in 2003, and five channels for trafficking Kazakh citizens abroad for sexual and other exploitation were identified and blocked in 2004.

Freedom House Country Report - Political Rights: 6   Civil Liberties: 5   Status: Not Free

Human Rights Overview by Human Rights Watch – Defending Human Rights Worldwide

Stop Violence Against Women – Country Page

U.S. Library of Congress - Country Study

ARCHIVES

2005   Forced Labor In The Russian Federation [PDF]

2004   Kazakhstan is planning to toughen criminal punishment for human trafficking

2004   Kazakhstan Fights Human Trafficking

2004   Corrupt officials limiting effectiveness of Kazakhstan’s efforts to combat human trafficking

2003   After drugs & weapons, human trafficking is the third most profitable crime in Kazakhstan

2003   Law enforcement agencies draw up a series of measures for fighting human trafficking

2003   U.S. Lauds Kazakhstan for Actions Against Human Trafficking

2003   Rated Tier 3 because of diminished response to human trafficking issue previous year

 

 

 

Human Trafficking in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]
Street Children in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]
Child Prostitution in  [Kazakhstan]  [other countries]