Human Trafficking in [Myanmar (Burma Street Children in [Myanmar (Burma)] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Myanmar (Burma)] [other countries] |
Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery Union of Myanmar (Burma) [ Country-by-Country
Reports ] The Union of Myanmar [map] is one of the
largest countries in Burma is a source country for women,
children, and men trafficked for the purpose of forced labor and commercial
sexual exploitation. Burmese women and children are trafficked to Thailand,
People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.), Bangladesh,
India, Pakistan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Macau for commercial sexual
exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor. Some Burmese migrating
abroad for better economic opportunities wind up in situations of forced or
bonded labor or forced prostitution. Burmese children are subjected to
conditions of forced labor in Thailand as hawkers, beggars, and for work in
shops, agriculture, fish processing, and small-scale industries. Women are
trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Malaysia and the P.R.C.; some women are trafficked to the P.R.C. as forced brides. Some trafficking victims transit
Burma from Bangladesh to Malaysia and from P.R.C.
to Thailand. Internal trafficking occurs primarily from villages to urban
centers and economic hubs for labor in industrial zones, agricultural
estates, and commercial sexual exploitation. Forced labor and trafficking may
also occur in ethnic border areas outside the central government’s control.
Military and civilian officials continue to use a significant amount of
forced labor. Poor villagers in rural regions must provide corvee labor on demand as a tax imposed by authorities.
Urban poor and street children in Rangoon and Mandalay are at growing risk of
involuntary conscription as child soldiers by the Burmese junta, as
desertions of men in the Burmese army rises. Ethnic insurgent groups also
used compulsory labor of adults and unlawful recruitment of children. The
military junta’s gross economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and its
policy of using forced labor are the top causal factors for Burma’s
significant trafficking problem. - U.S. State Dept Trafficking in
Persons Report, June, 2008 [full country report] |
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CAUTION: The following links have been
culled from the web to illuminate the situation in ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Last week in Southeast Asia, I met Aye Aye Win, a young Burmese woman who dared to search for work beyond her own tortured country. A recruiter painted a beautiful picture of work in a neighboring country. Aye Aye assumed substantial debt to cover up-front costs required by the recruiter for this job placement. Together with some 800 Burmese migrants, many children, Aye Aye was "placed" in a shrimp farming and processing factory. But it wasn’t a job. It was a prison camp. The isolated 10-acre factory was surrounded by steel walls, 15 feet tall with barbed wire fencing, located in the middle of a coconut plantation far from roads. Workers weren’t allowed to leave and were forbidden phone contact with any one outside. They lived in run-down wooden huts, with hardly enough to eat. Aye Aye is a brave, daring soul. She tried to escape with three other women. But factory guards caught them and dragged them back to the camp. They were punished as an example to others, tied to poles in the middle of the courtyard, and refused food or water. Aye Aye told me how her now beautiful hair was shaved off as another form of punishment, to stigmatize her. And how she was beaten for trying to flee. Beaten. Tortured. Starved. Humiliated. Is this not slavery?? ***
ARCHIVES *** Bur of Democracy,
Human Rights & Labor - Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS – The
government made limited progress on trafficking in persons during the year.
The government's pervasive security controls, restrictions on the free flow
of information, and lack of transparency prevented a comprehensive assessment
of trafficking in persons activities in the country. While experts agreed
that human trafficking from the country was substantial, no organization,
including the government, was able or willing to estimate the number of
victims. The government did not allow an independent assessment of its
reported efforts to combat the problem. Trafficking of women and girls to Human traffickers appeared to be
primarily free‑lance, small‑scale operators using village
contacts that fed victims to more established trafficking
"brokers". Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) - 1997 [24] Furthermore, the Committee expresses
its regret that insufficient measures are being taken to address the problems
of child abuse, including sexual abuse, and the sale and trafficking of
children, child prostitution and child pornography. It is especially
concerned by the fact that a significant number of girls, and sometimes boys,
are victims of transnational trafficking for the purpose of sexual
exploitation in brothels across the border. Governing
Justly and Combating Human Trafficking: The Linkages The Burmese people represent a
case study of repression at home and then vulnerability abroad. Facing a
cruel regime, bleak economic conditions and the prospect of forced labor at
home, millions of Burmese have had to flee. Among these most vulnerable are
girls and women from Burma's ethnic minorities. Rape is widespread in Burma.
Shan, Karen, Chin, Mon and other ethnic minority women and girls live in
daily fear of sexual violence by their military oppressors. After successfully
escaping slavery in Burma, another cruel fate awaits too many Burmese. They
are preyed upon by traffickers and exploitative employers. They are pushed
into the sex trade or into highly predatory economic sectors in neighboring
countries. Fleeing literal enslavement at home, they face extreme
exploitation in neighboring countries—these women, migrants and refugees are
regularly dehumanized. Myanmar
rebel group denies child soldier claims In a statement released Friday, UN
Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said that both the
military government and rebel groups continued to violate children's rights
by recruiting underage soldiers.
Citing a recent UN report, he said that the government was picking up
street children or those without national identity cards and offering them
the choice of arrest or joining the army. Myanmar's military government
officially denies using child soldiers and has passed a law to outlaw the
practice. But human rights groups say
child soldiers in Myanmar remain alarmingly common, with boys as young as 12
recruited to fight the ethnic rebel armies in the country's border regions. - htsc The
Burmese Junta's Hidden Victims Burma's ruling generals
systematically employ forced labor to maintain their repressive grip on the
country. The regime forces men, women and children to work for its benefit --
providing rice to feed the huge parasitic military force, constructing roads
and buildings, and serving as porters for military convoys and human mine
sweepers in the battlefields in the border regions. As the regime continues
its gross mismanagement of the country and economic and social conditions
deteriorate further, the number of victims of trafficking can only be
expected to grow. Facing bleak economic conditions
and the prospect of forced labor at home, millions of Burmese have had to
flee their homes and villages, usually without legal documents, making them
even more vulnerable to human trafficking and the predations of corrupt
officials. Human
trafficking helps spread HIV/AIDS in Asia: UN "Trafficking ... contributes
to the spread of HIV by significantly increasing the vulnerability of
trafficked persons to infection," said Caitlin Wiesen-Antin,
HIV/AIDS regional coordinator, Asia and Pacific, for the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP). "Both human trafficking and HIV
greatly threaten human development and security." Major human trafficking routes run
between Nepal and India and between Thailand and neighbors like Laos,
Cambodia and Myanmar. Many of the
victims are young teenage girls who end up in prostitution. "The link between human trafficking
and HIV/AIDS has only been identified fairly recently," Wiesen-Antin told the International Congress on AIDS in
Asia and the Pacific. Last week in Southeast Asia, I met
Aye Aye Win, a young Burmese woman who dared to
search for work beyond her own tortured country. A recruiter painted a
beautiful picture of work in a neighboring country. Aye Aye
assumed substantial debt to cover up-front costs required by the recruiter
for this job placement. Together with
some 800 Burmese migrants, many children, Aye Aye
was "placed" in a shrimp farming and processing factory. But it
wasn’t a job. It was a prison camp. The isolated 10-acre factory was
surrounded by steel walls, 15 feet tall with barbed wire fencing, located in
the middle of a coconut plantation far from roads. Workers weren’t allowed to
leave and were forbidden phone contact with any one outside. They lived in
run-down wooden huts, with hardly enough to eat. Aye Aye is a
brave, daring soul. She tried to escape with three other women. But factory
guards caught them and dragged them back to the camp. They were punished as
an example to others, tied to poles in the middle of the courtyard, and
refused food or water. Aye Aye told me how her now
beautiful hair was shaved off as another form of punishment, to stigmatize
her. And how she was beaten for trying to flee. Beaten. Tortured. Starved. Humiliated. Is
this not slavery?? Myanmar
sentences 33 human traffickers to life imprisonment According to the report, the human
traffickers deceived 49 young Myanmar women to work in a neighboring country,
promising them that they will be well paid.
In lasts September, Myanmar authorities also nabbed a 30-member human
trafficking gang on the Myanmar-China border in cooperation with the Chinese
police force for trafficking 180 Myanmar young women to Ruili
in southwest China's Yunnan Province by means of forced
marriage and fake marriage, according to the Home Ministry. Myanmar
court sentences woman to 12 years for human trafficking A Myanmar court has sentenced a
woman to 12 years in prison for selling two young Myanmar women into
prostitution in Malaysia, state-run media said Saturday. The court in Tachileik,
opposite the Thai town of Mae Sai, sentenced Nang Aye Naw, 41, on Oct. 3
under the anti-trafficking in persons law, the New Light of Myanmar newspaper
reported. The report said the woman
enticed two young women with false promises of finding a job at a restaurant
in Mae Sai but instead sold them at a border town
in Malaysia for prostitution. Myanmar government gives highest priority to better tackling issue of trade in people INTERNATIONAL RELATION - SENIOR
OFFICIALS MEETING FOR THE COORDINATED MEKONG MINISTERIAL INITIATIVE AGAINST
TRAFFICKING (COMMIT) OPENS
- In Myanmar, we have, as of last year, formed a
Specialist Anti-trafficking Police Unit and Anti-trafficking Task Forces
around the border and other hot spot areas. At the same time, we are of
course aware, of the absolute need to provide psycho-social support to the
victims of trafficking, undertake and improve repatriation and reintegration
systems, and provide rehabilitation services for the victims of trafficking
and vulnerable groups. Myanmar
exposes 748 human trafficking cases in past four years Myanmar authorities have exposed
748 human trafficking cases since the work committee for human trafficking
prevention was formed in July 2002 to June 2006, according to Saturday's
official newspaper The New Light of Myanmar. During the period, subordinate
committees at different levels in 14 states and divisions were able to expose
and arrest 1,484 persons -- 815 males and 669 females, and also rescued in
time 3, 694 persons -- 1,904 males and 1,790 females, the paper disclosed. Three
Women Arrested in Muse for Human Trafficking According to confirmed sources,
some human trafficking syndicates have been dispatching young women from
Burma to China, where they are sold for large sums of money. Myanmar
rejects U.S. report on anti-human trafficking Noting that Myanmar passed an
anti-trafficking in persons law in September 2005 that covers sexual
exploitation, forced labor, slavery, servitude and debt bondage, the release
said during the year, the government prosecuted 426 traffickers in 203 cases
under the new law and identified 844 victims. Mekong
region govts to co-op against human trafficking Since the signing of the historic
COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding in Yangon, Myanmar in October 2004, by
Ministers of the six countries, the Governments have been active in laying
the foundation for a network of cooperation to stop traffickers and prosecute
them, protect victims of trafficking and assist them return safely home, and
launch efforts to prevent others from sharing the same fate. Rice
Names 'Outposts of Tyranny' Condoleezza Rice named Diminished ILO
Visit Spells Trouble When the high-level delegation cut
short its visit and left Rangoon a week ago, it left the regime with a
four-point plan of action: the issuance of clear instructions to the army,
and publicity for a campaign, to stop the use of forced labor; a renewed
commitment to the previously agreed plan of action on forced labor, after the
regime has dragged its feet over the past year; the granting of freedom of
movement to the ILO liaison officer in Rangoon, which has been curtailed
significantly for some time; and the extension of an amnesty to the third of
three people convicted of high treason essentially for having contact with
the ILO. 18.
Allegations On Exercising Forced Labor in Myanmar [PDF] This allegation has been widely
and conveniently used against the Government of Myanmar by certain quarters
to disseminate disinformation in the attempt to portray her as a cruel and
wicked regime. U.N.: Myanmar Must Stop Forced Labor "For years we've had a
contradictory message," she said following a meeting of the ILO's governing body. "There is always a promise to
do something, a few little steps, then a terrible backlash." Sex
Trafficking Growing In S.E.Asia Girls from the villages of 4
Myanmar Officials Get Jail Over Forced Labor Four local officials in Travel Guides and the Burma Debate The Burmese democracy movement,
led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, has asked that
tourists not visit Big
Business Keeps Eye on Historic Human Rights Case One of the plaintiffs, Jane Doe,
has testified that her husband was shot when attempting to flee forced labor
on the pipeline, and that her baby was killed when thrown into a fire in
retaliation for his attempted escape. All 12 plaintiffs remain anonymous for
fear of repercussions against them and their family members. Freedom House Country Report - Political Rights: 7 Civil Liberties: 7 Status: Not Free Human Rights Overview by Human
Rights Watch – Defending Human Rights Worldwide Harsh Policy
Towards Burmese Refugees The Thai government made this
decision, despite the fact that the horrendous conditions in Burma have not
ceased. Burmese continue to flee abuses such as forced labor, persecution of
dissidents, conscription of child soldiers, rape of ethnic minority women and
children by government troops, and forced relocation. Conscripts
- Soldiers of misfortune For years, sein
win's job in the burmese army was to guard citizens
who had been forced into hard labor, building the nation's roads, railways,
helipads and barracks. "We threatened them with guns to make them
work," says Sein Win, now 20, who recently
deserted from the military. "No soldier would dare be kind to the
villagers because the officers would beat us if we showed them any
mercy." Now
Program on Burma and the Alien Torts Claims Act Last week on NOW with Bill Moyers, there was a segment that dealt with this issue
and the specific case in Burma in which several Burmese citizens are suing
the oil company, Unocal over allegations of complicity with slave labor that
the Burmese military (which provided security for a oil pipeline that Unocal
was building). Oral
intervention delivered by Anti-Slavery International on 6 April 2004 Restrictions of freedom of
movement, as Rohingya children and their parents
are virtually confined to their village tracts. The need to obtain travel
passes limits their access to health, education and employment, thus severely
affecting the livelihood of the family. In the field of health and
education, they are particularly neglected. Sixty per cent of the Muslim
children of Northern Rakhine State are said to
suffer from malnutrition and the level of illiteracy is extremely high. Restriction of access to food
through a series of constraints, including arbitrary taxation and extortion,
is the main strategy of the regime to encourage departure, and a major root
cause of the ongoing exodus to Bangladesh. Increasingly, measures are being
imposed to control birth and to limit expansion of the Rohingya
population. Unlike other people of Burma, the Rohingyas
must apply for permission to get married, which is only granted in exchange
for high bribes and can take up to several years to obtain. To register their
children's birth, parents are charged fees that significantly increased in
2003. Moreover, building a new house or repairing or extending an existing
dwelling also require authorisation, resulting in
overcrowded and precarious living conditions, affecting women and children. Many Rohingya
children are subject to forced labour. Cultural
practices in the Rohingya community prevent women from
participating in activities outside of their homes. As male adults are busy
earning the daily wage to feed the family, the burden of carrying out forced labour duties often falls on children. Solar Health Clinics in Burma http:/wire0.ises.org/wire/CurrentAffairs/RENews.nsf/0/e7c0f9a3c3f75452c1256e99003625d2?OpenDocument BACKGROUND - The Eastern area of Burma
(often referred to as Myanmar), along the border
with Thailand is a zone that has been under siege for the past several
decades. The Burmese military have been constantly oppressing the indigenous
peoples of this area, burning villages and crops, forcing men and women into
slavery, raping, and killing. US
House of Reps. Extends Burma Sanctions in Landslide The regime's brutality is well-documented. According to credible nongovernmental organizations, it has imprisoned over 1,500 political prisoners, conscripted up to 70,000 child soldiers, carries out a modern form of slavery, and uses rape as a weapon of war. Case
Study: Corvée (Forced) Labour FOCUS (4): MYANMAR (BURMA) TODAY - Forced labour
in Myanmar/Burma involves large numbers of children and women as well as
adult males. In 1998, the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human
Rights "specifically addressed the issue of women victims of forced labour. ... He noted that increasing numbers of women,
including young girls and the elderly, had reportedly been forced to work,
without receiving remuneration or being provided with food, on infrastructure
projects and to act as porters in war zones, even when they were pregnant or
nursing their infants. ... They had been reported to have been used not only
as porters, but also as human shields and had been sexually abused by
soldiers" (para. 190). Frequently, women,
along with children of both sexes, are conscripted into corvée
labour when male heads of household must work to
provide the family income: in most cases, the military insists that one or
more persons from a household be turned over for forced labour,
but places no restrictions on gender or age. An exception to the general
willingness to draft female labour is the corvée imposed upon the Rohingya
people from the Rakhine State in northern Myanmar,
one of the ethnic groups most extensively targeted for the practice. Among
the Rohingya, "the burden of forced labour ... fell entirely on the male members of the
household." "Trading
Women" Filmmaker Shatters Myths about Human Trafficking IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM IN ASIA - "One thing our research showed,
for a highland girl in Thailand -- not from across the border -- the single
greatest risk factor to being trafficked or otherwise exploited is lack of
citizenship. If you don't have citizenship, you cannot get a diploma nor are
you allowed to travel outside your area. It creates vulnerabilities and there
are between 400,000 and 500,000 hill people in Thailand who are not citizens,
meaning they are vulnerable," Feingold said. "If you look at where the key
problem of trafficking is (in this area of Southeast Asia), it is in Burma.
The majority of girls who are trafficked come from Burma. For the Shan women,
the way they express their choices are to stay home and get raped by the
Burmese army for free, or come down to Thailand and do sex work for money.
This is not a choice anyone should ever have to make," he said. Thailand
struggles to halt human trafficking Local migrant advocacy groups say
the Chiang Mai raid, like other actions taken against human trafficking, had
netted Burmese women voluntarily engaged in prostitution. Now, they say,
those women may be worse off than before. These groups accuse the US-funded
anti-trafficking task force that led the raid of steamrolling women's rights
and treating all sex workers as victims. "The women didn't feel like
they were rescued because they lost their money.... They felt like they were
trapped," says Hseng Noung,
of the Shan Women's Action Network (SWAN), who interviewed ethnic Shan women
detained in the raid. "Being forced to work physically is one thing, but
these women were forced to work by their situation." Oil-gas giant
faces landmark trial over slavery in Myanmar The soldiers' true role was to
force villagers in the pipeline region to work without pay -- a modern form
of slavery, the 9th Circuit opinion said.
And Unocal knew, both before and after investing in the project, that
the military was enslaving the people, the opinion said. Unocal's own consultant, former
military attache John Haseman,
reported to Unocal in December 1995 that the soldiers were committing
"egregious human rights violations" along the pipeline route. "The most common are forced relocation
without compensation of families from land near/along the pipeline route,
forced labor to work on infrastructure projects supporting the pipeline ...
and imprisonment and/or execution by the army of those opposing such
actions," Haseman told Unocal in a report
quoted in court records. Thai
families partners in child sex trade - Border area's products are drugs and
daughters When Burmese migrant Ngun Chai sold his 13-year-old
daughter into prostitution for $114, his wife, La, had one regret -- they
didn't get a good price for her.
"I should have asked for 10,000 baht ($228)," La Chai said. "He robbed us." She was angry that the agent who bought her
eldest child, Saikun, in 1999 took her to Bangkok,
some 460 miles away, rather than a nearby city as promised. It did not
concern La Chai that Saikun
would be forced to have sex with as many as eight men a day. New Coalition
urges UK Government to stop investment in Burma Archbishop Desmond Tutu, said:
"Burma's military has put millions of civilians into forced labour, imprisoned hundreds of political prisoners, has
created more child soldiers than any other country in the world, and has
forcibly 'relocated' half a million ethnic people". Millions
Suffer in Sex Slavery Statistical estimates indicate
300,000 women have been sold into the sex trade in Western Europe in the last
10 years, and since 1990, 80,000 women and children from Myanmar (formerly
Burma), Cambodia, Laos and China have been sold into Thailand's sex industry.
Silver
Cos. needn't look far to find some slave-museum artifacts Last year, the ILO condemned the
Burmese military's "widespread and systematic" use of forced labor
as "a modern form slavery," and called on governments, labor
unions, and employers to take steps to ensure they were not helping to
sustain the Burmese junta's practice of enslaving its citizens. There are a couple of ways that
Burmese imports enrich Burma's slavemasters and
contribute to their ability to continue enslaving people, according to the
Free Burma Coalition. First, Burma's
military dictatorship charges a 5 percent tax on all exports from Burma, and
much of that revenue goes straight to the military. Second, the junta retains
partial ownership of most factories in Burma, with profits going largely to
the military. Moreover, the coalition
says, Burmese imports never even would have made it to places like Central Park
had it not been for roads and other infrastructure back in Burma that were
built with slave labor. ILO
team completes mission to assess forced labor in Myanmar An International Labor Organisation (ILO) team has completed a six-day mission
to Myanmar to assess the junta's efforts to stamp out forced labor, officials
said Friday. "They are not completely
happy with what they have seen so far, and want to see more progress being
made (on ending forced labor)," the source said. "However, there are signs of goodwill
on the part of the Burmese, who were cooperative. The team managed to see
everyone they wanted to see." 2000 Update
on Forced Labor and Forced Relocations Since the Department of Labor's
1998 report, there has been little change in the situation with regard to the
use of forced labor in Burma. However, there has been some significant action
by the International Labor Organization (ILO) on this matter. Forced labor
continues to be used with impunity by authorities throughout the country for
infrastructure development projects and to support military operations.
Reports also suggest that people continue to work under very poor conditions
and suffer from human rights abuses. There is little new information with
regard to allegations of forced labor related to the Yadana
Pipeline. Available information suggests that forced relocations are becoming
a growing problem in Burma, and forced labor often goes hand in hand with the
policy of forced relocations. While the circumstances in Burma may not have
improved greatly, the international community has taken an additional action
against the current regime through the ILO's adoption
of an emergency resolution on forced labor in Burma, which resulted in the
exclusion of Burma from almost all participation in the ILO. UK firm
linked to Burma slavery The Burmese have been accused of
using "security" issues in the pipeline area of Tanasserim
to drive ethnic Karen people from the land. There are now 120,000 Karen
living in refugee camps and human rights groups say at least 30,000 Karen
have been killed. The army's tactics include rape and summary executions. The report says the army was
extorting money from local people and using children and forced unpaid labour - described by the special UN rapporteur to Burma
as a modern form of slavery - to build military barracks. "The harsh conditions of those
carrying out the labour, including young children
and the testimony of local people, belies the government claim that such work
is voluntary," said the report. The country of Burma is lush, rich
in natural resources and home to dozens of peoples and cultures. But due to a military government of
isolationist economic mismanagement, the 45 million people there live without
their human rights and in extreme poverty.
The country of Burma has been under military dictatorship since 1962. The
Boston Tea Party Revisited:Massachusetts Boycotts
Burma Political repression. When the
military government of Burma lost more than 80 percent of the seats in
parliament to the National League for Democracy in 1990, it repudiated the
election and began closing NLD offices and jailing
the party’s legislators. The government has waged war against rural ethnic
minorities, who supported the NLD commitment to
create a federal system with regional self-government. Forced labor. Burma is building
its commercial infrastructure with labor forced at the point of a gun. In the
previous decade, more than 5.5 million people have been forced to work on
construction of airport runways, railroads, highways and agricultural
irrigation systems. Seven percent of Burma’s economy is based on this
slavery. Rape and brutality. The most
common form of forced labor is military portering.
Even old people, women and teenagers are required to carry military supplies
on their backs. Porters are forced to walk ahead of troops to detonate mines
and act as human shields in combat against Burma’s own ethnic minorities.
Soldiers often beat porters with rifle butts and have forced teenagers to
execute other porters who could no longer work. Women porters are separated
at night from the men and are frequently raped by the soldiers. Displacement
of populations in Western Burma (Myanmar) In Burma, the widespread
repression of ethnic minorities and the countrywide practice of forced labour as documented in the ILO Commission of Inquiry
report dated 2 July 1998, have led to an unprecedented displacement of
populations. Unwanted and Unprotected:Burmese Refugees in Thailand SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS - At almost no time since Burmese
asylum seekers started arriving on Thai soil in 1984 has the need for
protection of this group been greater.1
Human rights violations inside Burma continue almost a decade after the State
Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) seized
power in Burma in September 1988. The announcement on November 15, 1997 that SLORC had been dissolved and replaced by the State Peace
and Development Council (SPDC) has done nothing to
improve the situation, and refugees continue to flow into Thailand. As of
September 1998, there were over 110,000 refugees in camps along the
Thai-Burmese border and hundreds of thousands more in Thailand who were
unable or unwilling to stay within the refugee camps but who had suffered
clear abuse at the hands of the Burmese government. Deportations of
undocumented Burmese migrants, some of whom would have a clear claim to
refugee status had they been permitted to make one, were also on the
increase. MODERN
FORM OF SLAVERY: TRAFFICKING OF BURMESE WOMEN AND GIRLS INTO BROTHELS IN
THAILAND - . Thousands of
Burmese women and girls are trafficked into Thai brothels every year where
they work under conditions tantamount to slavery. Subject to debt bondage,
illegal confinement, various forms of sexual and physical abuse, and exposure
to HIV in the brothels, they then face wrongful arrest as illegal immigrants
if they try to escape or if the brothels are raided by Thai police. All material used herein
reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC §
107 for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use |
|
Human Trafficking in [Myanmar (Burma Street Children in [Myanmar (Burma)] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Myanmar (Burma)] [other countries]