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Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery Lecture
Resources
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[Lecture Resources | Resources for Teachers |
Country-by-Country Reports ]
Rape
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FEATURED ARTICLES *** Widespread Gang-Rape of Boy Slaves Maria Sliwa,
Freedom Now World At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 11 September 2011] During a recent
fact finding trip to Many of the
redeemed slaves told Sliwa that in order to avoid rape, male slaves would try to escape but were hunted down
like animals by their masters. The punishment for resisting rape is often
severe beatings, death or limb amputation. Pakistan Pakistan court frees five alleged attackers
in gang rape Saeed Shah in www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/21/pakistan-gang-rape-mukhtaran-mai [accessed 22 April 2011] Mai's ordeal began
after her 13-year-old brother was accused by a more powerful clan of having
sex with one of their young women. He was then sodomised
in a sugar cane field by the woman's brother, Abdul Khaliq, and two other
men. There appears to be no basis for the original accusation. A tribal council
was assembled from Khaliq's clan, which ordered that Mai be punished for her
brother's illicit sex by being raped, on the basis of eye-for-an-eye justice.
Mai was forced at gunpoint by Khaliq into a stable, where he and other clan
members raped her. She was then paraded naked around the village. Tradition
dictated that Mai commit suicide, as the shame supposedly fell on her, but
she decided to fight her tormentors. The cruelty of
Mai's case is repeated in the treatment of women across the country, with
tribal councils regularly ordering young girls to be handed over in
compensation for crimes committed by other family members, and women to be
killed for "honour". Canada Social networking sites used for
human-trafficking - Hundreds of Albertans get targeted each year Andrew Hanon, Sun Media, November 11, 2007 www.kidsafecyberspace.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/SN-sites-used-for-human-trafficking-11-11-07.htm [accessed 27 January 2011] www.traffickingproject.org/2007/12/social-networking-sites-used-for-human.html [accessed 6 September 2016] They do most of
their recruiting on social networking websites like Facebook and MySpace,
choosing naïve or vulnerable victims for “grooming” who are right around 18
years old in order to avoid detection by authorities looking for predators
after underage kids. After four or five
dizzyingly spectacular dates, the predator will invite her to a private
party. She will be
gang-raped and subjected to unspeakable humiliation. She might be
drugged. “Her ‘boyfriend’ will tell
her what’s expected of her,” Galvin said. “She’s told the event will occur
anyways. She can either fight or submit to it, but it’s going to
happen.” She will be threatened with
death if she goes to police. Her family might also be threatened. Ethiopia WANTED: the right to refuse Maggie Black, Issue 337, New Internationalist,
August 2001 www.newint.org/features/2001/08/05/wanted/ [accessed 4 February 2011] Take a look at
article one of the Supplementary Convention on Slavery and you will see as
one definition: ‘Any practice whereby a woman, without the right to refuse,
is given in marriage in payment of a consideration in money or in kind ...’ At the beginning of
the 21st century being a child wife, even if it’s illegal, puts you in a
limbo. You are invisible as either child or woman, because you have been
married. What a man does to you once, if you are underage and single, is
statutory rape. What he does to you night after night, if you are underage
and married, is fine. In rural Mexico “Rape Trees” Frame Arizona-Mexico
Border: Grim Reminders of Human Trafficking Sue Michaels, ChattahBox News
Blog, March 15, 2009 chattahbox.com/us/2009/03/15/%E2%80%9Crape-trees%E2%80%9D-frame-arizona-mexico-border-grim-reminders-of-human-trafficking/ [accessed 20 February 2011] A recent report
from the Cronkite News Service, a student-run news service of These “rape trees”
are becoming more common along the Arizona border counties of Pima and
Cochise, as coyotes and drug cartel members find human trafficking more
lucrative than drug smuggling. ***
ARCHIVES *** Australia Trafficked Women 'Being Raped, Starved' The Sydney Morning Herald, July 6, 2005 www.smh.com.au/news/National/Trafficked-women-being-raped-starved/2005/07/06/1120329497809.html [accessed 19 January 2011] There are at least
1,000 adult women in Bahrain Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of
State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61686.htm [accessed 6 February 2020] SECTION 6 WORKER
RIGHTS –
[c] Labor laws do not apply to domestic servants. There were numerous
credible reports that domestic servants, especially women, were forced to
work 12‑ or 16‑hour days, given little time off, were
malnourished, and were subjected to verbal and physical abuse, including
sexual molestation and rape. Between 30 to 40 percent of the attempted
suicide cases handled by the government's psychiatric hospitals were foreign
maids. Housemaids who have
no embassy representation in the country (Indonesian and Sri Lankan) are
often subject to the worst types of physical and sexual abuse. With no
diplomatic mission to protect them and no established victim assistance shelter,
runaway housemaids have often been returned by untrained police to abusing
employers. Bangladesh Sexual Slavery in Southern California
Today? Epidemic, Say Officials February 9, 2004 – Source:
www.scientology.org/news-media/news/2004/040209.html groups.yahoo.com/group/Shetubondhon/message/7981?l=1 [accessed 21 January 2011] She was a teenage
girl from an impoverished village in Bosnia-Herzegovina Sex slavery is a worldwide disgrace Katie Kelberlau, At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 4 September 2011] Bulgaria Bulgaria Traffic in Women - Violence
against women a western problem? Susan Phillips, Z Magazine, June 2002 www.zcommunications.org/bulgaria-traffic-in-women-by-susan-phillips [accessed 24 January 2011] For young women
from small towns and smaller options, Minkova says
they are often lured by offers they find hard to resist. “They tell them,
‘you look great, you’re very nice, I think you’d make a great baby-sitter,”
says Minkova. Minkova
says that although some women go voluntarily, knowing they will be
prostitutes, none are prepared for the cruel working conditions. Few women
successfully escape from forced prostitution. But those who do, tell a grim story. Both Human Rights Watch and Animus
report of repeated rapes and beatings by their captors. They are put through
a process of psychological torture designed to make them compliant towards,
and dependent on, the pimp. Traffickers confiscate their passports and
papers. Often moved and sold, the trafficked women become unaware of even the
country in which they are working. Former victims report being forced to work
up to 20 hours a day. They receive little, if any, payment and are told they
are in debt to their pimps. If they get pregnant, say the Animus volunteers,
they are often left by the side of a road. Of all the money that exchanges
hands, the sex workers themselves see little of it. Burma Sex Trafficking Growing In S.E.Asia Fayen Wong, Reuters, At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 4 September 2011] Girls from the
villages of Burundi Burundian's ordeal in Lebanon BBC News, 27 June 2007 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6241214.stm [accessed 25 January 2011] We went through
lots of ordeals. The husband or son of
the lady I worked for would often rape me. And there was no way you could
complain: I felt they would not hesitate to kill me. You just kept quiet. We were often beaten
and tortured. They chose food for us, they would decide the clothes that we
would put on, but being beaten was the most common practice. There was little difference between
prostitution and working as a maid because even when you chose house work,
you would often be raped there. Congo
DRC The international community must
immediately address ongoing conflict, military occupation, lawlessness, and
impunity for ongoing acts of genocide and crimes against humanity, including
widespread sexual violence, in DRC Keith Harmon Snow, Survivors' Rights
International (SRI), Press Release: June 2, 2004 At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 4 September 2011] EQUATEUR PROVINCE: Eyewitnesses
reports from different parts of Equateur indicate both transient soldiers and
resident DRC government FAC (Forces Armee Congolaise) soldiers looting and destroying property;
confiscating and occupying homes and schools; conscripting and brutalizing
males for forced labor; raping women and girls; and abducting women and girls
for prolonged periods of sexual slavery. Croatia
& Italy A Human Trafficking Victim Speaks With
RFE/RL Ankica Barbir
Mladinovic, Radio Free Europe/Radio www.rferl.org/content/article/1069198.html [accessed 30 January 2011] "It happened
abroad," says Martina, a 29-year-old trafficking victim from It was like a
horror movie, she says. Martina was 19 years old at that time, trained
as a cook. She lived in the suburbs of Zagreb and desired a better job and a
better life. She met a young man who told her about his brother who had a
restaurant in Italy, but who had a hard time finding good employees. Martina was locked
in a Rome apartment for two months. Instead of working in a restaurant, she
was beaten and raped daily until she was “broken” and had become a sexual
slave. Then, she says, the man who bought her took her out to the street. Cyprus The Protection Project - Cyprus [DOC] The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/cyprus.doc [Last accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING
- They
learn the true nature of their occupations after arriving on the island. Many
foreign cabaret dancers live lives of abuse and violence. At a minimum, they
are deceived about the exact nature of their employment, sold by impresarios
to cabaret owners, paid only a small fraction of the client’s fee or given no
payment at all for a sexual transaction, and have little freedom of movement.
They are often raped and beaten until they submit to performing a sexual
service. Their passports are taken away, leaving them little avenue for
escape or assistance Czech
Republic Human Trafficking Casts Shadow on
Globalization Michele A. Clark, YaleGlobal
, 23 April 2003 yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/human-trafficking-casts-shadow-globalization [accessed 1 February 2011] She was approached
at work by a Czech man who promised her a lucrative job in Germany. Believing
that she would be able to save money to ease her family's situation, she
accepted the offer and left for the West, along with three other girls. Her
fears began when her contact refused to return her passport after crossing
the border, and were confirmed when she got to her destination - a sleazy bar
on the outskirts of a German city. Once there, she was gang raped repeatedly
to obtain her compliance, and eventually taken to Amsterdam's red light
district where she was forced to become one of the many women behind the
windows, making as much as US$80,000 tax free for her traffickers in her
first year. Czech
Republic Human trafficking campaign ends www.praguepost.com/articles/2008/01/23/human-trafficking-campaign-ends.php womensphere.wordpress.com/2008/01/26/human-trafficking-campaign-ends-czech-republic/ [accessed 31 January 2011] Although some
details may not be known, the general picture of sex trafficking in the THE TRUE STORY OF A
TRAFFICKED WOMAN
- After Lithuania joined the European Union, in May 2004, Marja
traveled across Italy. After about two weeks, due to unexpected expenses, she
ran out of money. This is when her friend, also originally from Lithuania,
offered her a well-paid job in Prague. They traveled to the Czech Republic in
another friend's car. Since they were now both EU citizens, crossing the
borders was smooth and easy. Late in the evening they reached a town, whose
name Marja didn't notice at the time. They were
both tired and decided to stay overnight. In the morning, Marja discovered that the doors to her room were locked
and that her papers and mobile phone were missing. A stranger entered her
room, a man, who told her in Russian that she owed a lot of money for the
transport and accommodation. There was a customer already waiting for her
downstairs. When Marja realized that she was
expected to work as a prostitute, she pointedly refused. On that day she was,
for the first time, brutally beaten and raped numerous times. In the following
weeks, death threats to both her and her family in Lithuania, beatings and
food deprivation, for even the slightest misbehavior, became part of Marja's life. She can't say for exactly how long this
went on. She started following the orders of the nightclub owner. She even
pretended to be happy. As she puts it, all that she felt inside was the
desire to survive and to not be hit anymore. Ghana The Tragedy of Female Slavery in Ghana Brian Carnell, EquityFeminism,
February 12, 2001 aconspiracyofhope.blogspot.com/2010_10_01_archive.html [accessed 16 August 2012] According to the
American Anti-Slavery Group, until the 18th century the offering typically
took the form of livestock or other gifts, but that began to change and
priests began demanding, and receiving, virgin girls as atonement for the
sins of their relatives. Girls, often
under the age of 10, are brought to the priest, ritually stripped of all
their possessions, including clothes, and told they have to do anything the
priest tells them. Most girls are raped repeatedly. Greece IHF-HR: "A Form of Slavery:
Trafficking in Women in OSCE Member States" - Country Reports - GREECE International www.greekhelsinki.gr/english/reports/ihf-wit-july-2000-greece.html [accessed 7 February 2011] www.refworld.org/docid/46963afd0.html [accessed 29 January 2018] Regarding the coercion
of victims, the following methods were uncovered: o
Their documents are kept in order to stop them from
escaping. o
They are often raped, kept without food or water or
unable to use the toilet in order to make them more “willing to
cooperate”. o
If they come from religious families, offenders
threaten to tell the victims’ parents or relatives, even videotapes are
secretly made for the purpose of blackmail. There are seldom injuries or beating that
could “spoil” the future exploitation of the woman. Often, women are forced
to see over fifty “customers” per day, to the extent that they lose a sense
of time and space and lose consciousness. Recently, a thirteen-year-old girl
managed to get to the police and escape her imprisonment and torture. She had
been brought illegally and forcefully from Albania in order to work as a
prostitute. She had been imprisoned for six months India Anti Trafficking -Save Our Sisters
Movement (SOS) Robert I. Freidman, " At one time this article had been archived
and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 6 September 2011] EVERY HOUR, FOUR
WOMEN AND GIRLS IN INDIA ENTER PROSTITUTION, THREE OF THEM AGAINST THEIR WILL - 13-year-old Mira
of Nepal was offered a job as a domestic worker in Iran Most runaway girls in www.wfafi.org/E-ZanVol14.htm [accessed 2 September 2014] [accessed 6 June 2017] [scroll down to Iran Focus – July 12, 2005] Most runaway girls
in Iran are raped within the first 24 hours of their departure, according to
an Iranian government official speaking to the BBC. Dr. Hadi Motamedi, the head of
Social Ills Prevention Unit of the Health Ministry, said that the majority of
such victims are rejected by their families if they choose to return after having
been raped. Iran has one of the
highest record of runaway girls and women in the
world. Iraq Freedom or Theocracy?: Constitutionalism in
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=758904 [accessed 12 July 2013] ¶ 113 Women suffered along
with many other Iraqis as a result of the war to oust Saddam. A breakdown of law and order after the fall
of Japan NPA uncovers 29 cases of human trafficking,
but report says much more is needed 14 July 2005 -- Source:
www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200507140336.html [accessed 16 February 2011] The problem of
human trafficking continues on a wide scale in They have been lied
to, abused and trapped in the seedy sex industry where defiance is punishable
by gang rapes. And until recently, these foreign women were viewed as lawbreakers,
not victims. Yet the problem of human
trafficking continues on a wide scale in Macedonia Trapped in Macedonia Pravda.Ru, 11.05.2002 english.pravda.ru/news/russia/11-05-2002/42461-0/ [accessed 19 February 2011] MSNBC reports that
on buses and cars and crossing borders on foot Natasha followed a path to sex
slavery trodden by thousands of other hapless women, passing, under the
watchful eyes of a gang of Balkans thugs, through Peru Report: Associated Press AP, www.pixies-place.com/forums/showthread.php?t=24929 [accessed 18 July 2013] He said a typical
trafficking scenario is that of Irene Oblitas, a
Peruvian who told her story last year to her country's media. She said that
in 1998 she boarded a plane with three Japanese businessmen who had promised
her a job in a plastics factory. When she arrived
she was raped by all three men and sold to a Yakuza organized crime boss, who
branded her across the chest with a 6-inch (15-centimeter) rose tattoo. He
forced her to provide sexual services to up to 40 clients a day, she said. Romania Human Trade, Slave Markets, The Buying And
Selling Of People Amnesty International, October 5, 2005 www.angelfire.com/ultra2/lilja/action.html [accessed 13 June 2013] VIOLENCE AND THREATS – For most of
these women and girls, as soon as their journey begins, so does the systematic
abuse of their rights, in a strategy that reduces them to dependency on their
trafficker, and later their “owner”. The realization grows that the work they
have been offered is not what was promised; their documents are taken away
from them; they may be beaten; they will—almost certainly if they start to
protest—be raped. Although some women
are not aware until they reach their destination that they have been sold,
other have seen money change hands, or have been
raped by buyers when they “try the merchandise”. Women are often sold several
times before reaching their destination. Escape is almost impossible. Without
her travel documents, a woman is likely to be arrested for immigration or
other offences. But probably more pertinently, trafficked women are usually
trapped by threats, coercion, or literally being locked inside. Saudi
Arabia President Wahid: Slavery Widespread in
Saudi Arabia Indonesian Observer, www.malaysia.net/lists/sangkancil/2000-03/msg00055.html [accessed 21 December 2010] He expressed
concern that many Saudis may treat their Indonesian servants as slaves and
sexually harass them. Many Indonesian
women who have worked abroad come home with horror stories of being raped and
badly treated by their foreign bosses. But according to
Wahid, the Indonesian media often makes inaccurate reports on what goes on in
Saudi Arabia. "The media’s
descriptions created a public perception that our women workers were raped.
The situation is not like that. The Saudi people still believe in the old
Islamic teaching, which is belief in slavery. So a woman who works for them
is considered a slave," he said.
For some men in Saudi Arabia, sexual relations with a housemaid are not
considered as rape, because they believe that such a practice is permitted by
their beliefs, he added. South
Africa Human traffickers aim to exploit 2010 Vivian Attwood, Independent Online (IOL)
News, 19 February 2009 www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/human-traffickers-aim-to-exploit-2010-1.435090 [accessed 23 December 2010] TRUSTED - They were
approached by people they knew, and therefore trusted, to leave their homes.
En route, they were raped and had their documents confiscated. Some were sold
to mine workers in SA, and others were destined for brothels. The undercover investigation team making
the video posed as prospective "clients," asking one trafficker:
"How many women can you get us?"
"Depends how many you need," was the response. When asked what a woman cost, he replied
"R1 000, and maybe R150 for the border official." "How do you make sure the women don't
run away when they find they aren't going to be waitressing, but doing sex work?"
the interviewer asked.
"Sometimes we rape them. We call it 'washing the hands',"
the trafficker said. UK Scotland's 6000 Sex Slaves Richard Elias, Daily Record, Feb 22 2006 www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/2006/02/22/scotland-s-6000-sex-slaves-86908-16731536/ [accessed 3 January 2011] [accessed 17 August 2014] Brutal gangsters
imprison the terrified girls in brothels, rape them repeatedly to break their
spirits, and force them to have sex with up to 60 men each per day. Around
7000 women in Skelly said:
"Trafficked girls do not work on the street because there is a lack of
control there for the gangs.
"Instead, the girls are kept as virtual prisoners inside a house
or a sauna, where they are much easier to keep an eye on. They work very long
hours and are hardly allowed out at all." Many of the girls are virgins when they
arrive and the crooks gangrape them to "break
them in". Rape is also used as a
punishment for girls who disobey. USA Horror of teen sex slavery not foreign woe;
it's here Alan Johnson, The www.dispatch.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2009/01/25/traffic.ART_ART_01-25-09_B1_VFCLSF9.html?sid=101 [accessed 9 January 2011] www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2009/01/25/traffic.ART_ART_01-25-09_B1_VFCLSF9.html [accessed 29 June 2017] Minutes after
getting a call, "I can't
describe to you the feeling of terror. No child should ever have to know that
kind of fear. I didn't know what I was going to have to endure that night,
for how long, or if I was going to come back home." What started innocently
with Zimbabwe Reports of Rape and Torture Inside
Zimbabwean Militia [Category – Rape] Michael Wines, The New York Times,
Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, December 28, 2003 www.nytimes.com/2003/12/28/world/reports-of-rape-and-torture-inside-zimbabwean-militia.html [accessed 17 January 2011] For Ms. Siyangapi's secret was not merely her own. Her appearance
was also testimony to one of the least documented — and most brutal —
practices of the military enforcers of Amnesty
International documented cases of rape within the Youth Service in a report
released in April. The Amani Trust, perhaps the most active human rights
group currently in Zimbabwe Lied to and abused, trafficked persons from
Zimbabwe find some healing [Category – Rape] [Category –Labor-adult] Doreen Ajiambo,
Global Sisters Report, Harare, 24 August 2020 [accessed 24 August 2020] Jane's journey of
pain began in 2016, when she was enticed by a trafficking agent in Harare
with promises of a salary of $1,400 per month at a hotel in Kuwait, more than
3,000 miles away. Life had become unbearable in Zimbabwe after her husband
lost his job as a casual laborer in a local milk factory and they were
evicted from their house for nonpayment of rent. "Life was very
difficult and we barely had something to eat, and if we ate, it was one meal
per day," she said. It was at this
difficult time that she met her trafficker, who was well acquainted with her
mother. Everything was planned quickly, and within one week, all her travel
documents were ready, including her passport. She was given a new Islamic
name: Amina Ishmael. Upon reaching
Kuwait, she was picked up from the airport by a man who would be her boss. It
was at his house that Jane realized she had been lied to and trafficked. Her
host took away her travel documents and forcefully performed a medical
procedure to check her overall health. "I was raped
every day, and I was helpless to do anything about it," she said,
weeping throughout the interview with GSR but insisting she wanted to tell
her story. "I was forced to work day and night, beaten, restricted to go
anywhere, threatened of arrest and deportation and unlawful withholding of my
passport. I wasn't even paid for the five months I worked at the home." When things became
intolerable, she fled the home and took refuge in the Zimbabwe consulate. All material used herein
reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for noncommercial,
nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE
RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES.
Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery – Lecture Resources - Rape",
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