Human Trafficking in [Thailand Street Children in [Thailand] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Thailand] [other countries] |
Human Trafficking & Modern-day Slavery In the early
years of the 21st Century - 2000 to 2010 gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Thailand.htm
Thailand is a source, transit, and destination country for
men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and
commercial sexual exploitation. Thailand’s relative prosperity attracts
migrants from neighboring countries and from as far away as Russia and Fiji
who flee conditions of poverty and, in the case of Burma, military
repression. Significant illegal migration to Thailand presents traffickers
with opportunities to force, coerce, or defraud undocumented migrants into
involuntary servitude or sexual exploitation. Following migration to Thailand,
men, women, and children, primarily from Burma, are trafficked for forced
labor in fishing-related industries, factories, agriculture, construction,
domestic work, and begging. Women and children are trafficked from Burma,
Cambodia, Laos, the People’s Republic of China, Vietnam, Russia, and
Uzbekistan for commercial sexual exploitation in Thailand. Ethnic minorities
such as northern hill tribe peoples, many of whom do not have legal status in
the country, are at a disproportionately high risk for trafficking internally
and abroad. - |
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CAUTION: The following links have been culled
from the web to illuminate the situation in ***
FEATURED ARTICLES *** Thai Government and International Organizations Pledge
Cooperation to Provide Assistance to Victims humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 04 June 2007 -- Adapted from:
"Trading in People: To ensure adults and children trafficked in www.humantrafficking.org/updates/653 [accessed 29 December 2010] When she finally managed to
escape, she rushed to a policeman for help. But worse was to come. The woman
was deported and was left to find her way home from the Thai border. Walking
through the jungle, she was repeatedly raped by groups of Karen guerrillas. Traumatised and lost, she was eventually rescued by a
stranger who took her to a refugee camp in Mae Hong Son, from where she was
sent to Suan Prung Mental
Hospital in Chiang Mai when camp staff realised she
had lost her mind. While poor women from neighbouring countries enter The misery of male slavery - Trafficking of Men in
Thailand humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 17 May 2007 --
Adapted from: "The misery of male slavery." The Nation. 14 May 2007 www.humantrafficking.org/updates/636 [accessed 29 December 2010] The fight against human
trafficking has for more than a decade tried to protect women and children,
often forgetting that men, too, are victims of "new slavery". The commission reports that
between July 17 and July 19 of 2003, six fishing trawlers with about 100 crew
sailed from Tha Chalom in
Samut Sakhon province to
fish Indonesian territorial waters. Most of the crew were migrant workers and
four were younger than 16. None were allowed home leave for three years. The
trawlers returned to Thirty-eight never returned, dying
on the job. Two were buried on one of 50 Year Old Anti-Slavery Law Used in humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 17 May 2007 --
Adapted from: "Of human bondage: After 50 years, the anti-slavery law is
finally being enforced." www.humantrafficking.org/updates/633 [accessed 29 December 2010] Chand was forced to work from 4am to
midnight every day, serving 50-year-old Wipaporn Songmeesap and her family of six. Instructed never to
leave the house or contact her parents, fear-stricken Chand
was only allowed to eat once or twice a day, unless her boss was angry with
her, in which case she went hungry. When unhappy with her work, Wipaporn would violently beat her with an iron rod or a
belt with a metal buckle, said Chand. She was never
sent to the doctor, and repeated beatings kept opening old wounds, leading to
a severe infection. The legal efforts to take Chand's employer to court for the crime of slavery began
two years ago. In a landmark verdict last month, the Criminal Court sentenced
Wipaporn to more than 10 years in jail for abusing Chand as a slave. The mother of four was also ordered to
pay Chand 200,000 baht in compensation. Despite an
appeal by the defendant, history was made. The country's 51-year-old
anti-slavery law had been enforced for the first time, paving the way for
future cases to tackle human trafficking and slavery. ***
ARCHIVES *** The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on the Worst Forms
of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/thailand.htm [accessed 29 December 2010] INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Human Rights Reports » 2005
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 8, 2006 www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61628.htm [accessed 29 December 2010] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS – Some
portion (thought by the UN, NGOs, and the government to be a minority) of the
estimated 200 thousand to 300 thousand sex industry workers in the country
were either underage or in involuntary servitude or debt bondage. Women and
children (particularly girls) tended to be the most frequent trafficking
victims. Anecdotal evidence suggested that the trafficking of men, women, and
children into such fields as commercial fisheries or sweatshop work was
significant. Young migrant women and girls, particularly from Within the country women were
trafficked from the impoverished Northeast and the North to Women and men were trafficked from
Entire families occasionally were
trafficked for labor in sweatshops. Underage boys reportedly were brought
into the country for specialized work in which small size was an advantage.
According to domestic NGOs, girls between the ages of 12 and 18 continued to
be trafficked from Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of
the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 9 October 1998 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/thailand1998.html [accessed 29 December 2010] [30] The Committee expresses
concern at the continuing high rate of sexual abuse of children, including
child prostitution and trafficking and sale of children, which affects both
girls and boys. Illegal Immigrant–Beggars Found To Be Human Trafficking
Victims Pattaya Daily News, 26 May 2009 [accessed 28 August 2011] After the investigation and
related research concerning the gang of Cambodians from The child beggars, when
questioned, said they were brought out of a house in the Banglamung
area at around 7.00 pm and were forced to beg for money until dawn. They had
to make between 500-1000 baht per night. If they could not make it, they
would be punished by being hit with sticks or denied food. Thai woman jailed for 14 years for human trafficking Agence France-Presse
AFP, afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iRp8IPv63scLHe0sy2vQM1BVNV6A [accessed 29 December 2010] [name
withheld] from Greater Public-Private Collaboration Required to Combat
Human Trafficking www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/06-09-2008/0004829060&EDATE= [accessed 29 December 2010] Vital Voices is pleased to see the
report's coverage of the dire situation confronting stateless people in
northern Stateless And Vulnerable To Human Trafficking In Vital Voices Global Partnership, June 2007 At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12 September 2011] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - LEGAL FRAMEWORK - Despite the international
prohibition and Thailand's legal commitment to eliminate trafficking within
and across its borders, the country remains a favored source, transit and
destination country.37 In part, trafficking continues to thrive because its
root causes have not been addressed. According to "studies
by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . . .
lack of proof of citizenship is the single greatest risk factor for a
hill tribe girl or woman to be trafficked or otherwise exploited."38 The
challenge of obtaining citizenship, especially for those in the northern hill
tribes, directly impacts an individual's ability to access state services and
opportunities. Without access to state services like education and
healthcare, the stateless people become more vulnerable to trafficking, the
black-market and exploitation. Education may prevent human trafficking Casey Northcutt, The At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here [accessed 28 August 2011] Hundreds of thousands of men and
women in northern New law on trafficking Pennapa Hongthong,
The Nation, October 1, 2007 nationmultimedia.com/2007/10/01/national/national_30050827.php [accessed 29 December 2010] Eaklak said regional bus terminals were
places where crime syndicates trafficked Thai men
into the fishing industry. He said many men and male teenagers had been
drugged unconscious while waiting for buses at terminals - then woke up to
find themselves on a fishing boat in the middle of an ocean. "They have no way to escape, and must
work in a boat until the time it goes ashore." Eaklak said that over the past four
years his centre had helped rescue 19 men trafficked to work on fishing
boats. He believed the number of men
trafficked to work on fishing boats must be in the thousands. That estimate,
he said, was based on the number of fishing boats operating beyond Thai
waters - more than 1,000 - and the fact each has about 30-40 workers. Eaklak said trafficking within Authorities Rescue Abused Foreign Youth Workers From Chonburi Hell Factory Pattaya Daily News, 13 July 2007 [accessed 28 August 2011] At the factory, the police team
found over 20 foreign children, aged between 12 and 17, working under
intolerable conditions as vegetable oil fillers, and effectively imprisoned
on the premises. Apparently, the Women Foundation had previously helped four
young Lao children, aged between 12 and 15, that had successfully escaped
from the factory, who had reported that they were forced to work long hours
and were abused. Fifteen Year Old Girl Forced into Slavery Pattaya Daily News, 19 May 2007 teakdoor.com/thailand-and-asia-news/13881-pattaya-15-year-old-girl-forced.html [accessed 29 December 2010] Miss Leena
reported that a Khmer man told her that if she came to Pattaya
to be a salesgirl, she could earn an income at least 10,000 baht Soi a month. However, she had pay
a 2,500 baht fee for entering the country. If she did not have the money, she
could come to work first and the fee would be deducted from her income. She
believed the man and followed him to After ten days, Miss Leena realized that she was cheated because she never
received any money. She had only three meals a day if she met her quota of
1,000 baht. If she did not earn at least 1,000 baht per day, she was scolded,
beaten up and not given food. She could not stand the situation. So, she
managed to escape and seek help. Human-Trafficking Of Children In Pattaya Daily News, 29 March 2007 www.oldpdn.com/shownews.php?IDNEWS=0000002625 [Last accessed 29 December 2010] On a monthly basis, a small number
of children vanish. These children, according to Thongsuk,
are forced into working as beggars, labourers and
prostitutes in Some of the schemes that the
immigrants perpetrate are: selling their children, luring some away and
stealing others, even hiring out babies for 20 Baht daily to be used as
fronts for begging. Human trafficking helps spread HIV/AIDS in Asia: UN Ranga Sirilal,
Reuters, www.reuters.com/article/idUSL22325220070822 [accessed 29 December 2010] "Trafficking ... contributes
to the spread of HIV by significantly increasing the vulnerability of
trafficked persons to infection," said Caitlin Wiesen-Antin,
HIV/AIDS regional coordinator, Major human trafficking routes run
between More action urged against slave labour bkkintra.iom-seasia.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1800&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 [access date unavailable] Labour advocates are demanding
more action to safeguard job seekers against being lured into virtual slavery
on fishing trawlers. Ekkaluck Lumchumkhae,
chief of the Mirror Foundation's missing persons
information centre, said human trafficking gangs were still active in the
country because the responsible agencies were not doing what they should do. Since the centre's
establishment four years ago, around 800 people have been reported missing in
the country, of which 19 were believed to have been deceived into working on
sea-going trawlers, Mr Ekkaluck
said. A labour agent earns 3,000-5,000
baht per head from unscrupulous fishing trawler operators if they mange to
lure a young male to work on board a vessel, he said. Thai Government and International Organizations Pledge
Cooperation to Provide Assistance to Victims humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 04 June 2007 --
Adapted from: "Trading in People: To ensure adults and children
trafficked in www.humantrafficking.org/updates/653 [accessed 29 December 2010] When she finally managed to
escape, she rushed to a policeman for help. But worse was to come. The woman
was deported and was left to find her way home from the Thai border. Walking
through the jungle, she was repeatedly raped by groups of Karen guerrillas. Traumatised and lost, she was eventually rescued by a
stranger who took her to a refugee camp in Mae Hong Son, from where she was
sent to Suan Prung Mental
Hospital in Chiang Mai when camp staff realised she
had lost her mind. While poor women from neighbouring countries enter The misery of male slavery - Trafficking of Men in
Thailand humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 17 May 2007 --
Adapted from: "The misery of male slavery." The Nation. 14 May 2007 www.humantrafficking.org/updates/636 [accessed 29 December 2010] The fight against human
trafficking has for more than a decade tried to protect women and children,
often forgetting that men, too, are victims of "new slavery". The commission reports that
between July 17 and July 19 of 2003, six fishing trawlers with about 100 crew
sailed from Tha Chalom in
Samut Sakhon province to
fish Indonesian territorial waters. Most of the crew were migrant workers and
four were younger than 16. None were allowed home leave for three years. The
trawlers returned to Thirty-eight never returned, dying
on the job. Two were buried on one of 50 Year Old Anti-Slavery Law Used in humantrafficking.org, News & Updates, 17 May 2007 --
Adapted from: "Of human bondage: After 50 years, the anti-slavery law is
finally being enforced." www.humantrafficking.org/updates/633 [accessed 29 December 2010] Chand was forced to work from 4am to
midnight every day, serving 50-year-old Wipaporn Songmeesap and her family of six. Instructed never to
leave the house or contact her parents, fear-stricken Chand
was only allowed to eat once or twice a day, unless her boss was angry with
her, in which case she went hungry.
When unhappy with her work, Wipaporn would
violently beat her with an iron rod or a belt with a metal buckle, said Chand. She was never sent to the doctor, and repeated
beatings kept opening old wounds, leading to a severe infection. The legal efforts to take Chand's employer to court for the crime of slavery began
two years ago. In a landmark verdict last month, the Criminal Court sentenced
Wipaporn to more than 10 years in jail for abusing Chand as a slave. The mother of four was also ordered to
pay Chand 200,000 baht in compensation. Despite an
appeal by the defendant, history was made. The country's 51-year-old
anti-slavery law had been enforced for the first time, paving the way for
future cases to tackle human trafficking and slavery Ethnic Hill-Tribe Children Learn about the Dangers of
Trafficking humantrafficking.org, 17 May 2007 -- Adapted from:
"Course to save hilltribe girls from flesh
trade" Bangkok Post. 8 May 2007 www.humantrafficking.org/updates/634 [accessed 29 December 2010] Chiang Rai
governor Amorphan Nimanant
said his province has become a major transit point for human trafficking
because of its location as it borders Children in danger - Human
trafficking suspected as youngsters go missing in Tak's
Mae Sot district Anan Paengnoy, The Nation, March
26, 2007 At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12 September 2011] Every month, a few children go
missing from the Muslim Community in Mae Sot district in what clearly are
cases of human-trafficking. According
to local community leaders, these children are sent to Human Trafficking Racket Being Operated in Pattaya Daily News, 22 March 2007 www.oldpdn.com/shownews.php?IDNEWS=0000002594 [Last accessed 29 December 2010] Recently, two young men from Buriram were kidnapped by a trafficking gang on their
first day of arrival in Phuket investors implicated in human
trafficking bust The Nation, Mae Hong Son, 3 February 2007 www.phuketgazette.net/news/detail.asp?id=5483 [accessed 29 December 2010] Twenty long-neck
Karen women (Paduang) arrested while crossing the
Thai-Burmese border on Wednesday night allegedly were to be sold to a group
of Phuket investors for 10 million baht, police
said on Thursday. Lin Lin childexploitation.org At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12 September 2011] "Lin Lin"
was thirteen years old when she was recruited by an agent for work in Narathiwat raided Karaokes:
34 human trafficking victims rescued Thais News At one time this article had been archived and may possibly
still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12 September 2011] The provincial police and other
provincial officials had raided and arrested two local karaoke operators. 34
women and children were rescued. Among them included three Vietnamese people,
two Cambodians, 20 Thai Yai residents, three
Laotians, and six Thais. There was one fifteen-year-old and the rest aged
between 17 and 20. More co-operation needed in war on human trafficking At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12 September 2011] Reviewing the human trafficking
trend in the region, While in the past women and
children have been reported as trafficked victims, Thatun
said that boys and men have also been identified as victims as well into the
sex trade, heavy labour, begging, marriage, and the fishing industry. humantrafficking.org, August 2006 -- Adapted from:
‘Slamming the brakes on human trafficking.’ Asahi Shimbun.
9 June 2006 www.humantrafficking.org/updates/392 [accessed 29 December 2010] Xinhua News Agency, news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-05/07/content_4517342.htm [accessed 29 December 2010] Since the signing of the historic
COMMIT Memorandum of Understanding in Yangon, Myanmar in October 2004, by
Ministers of the six countries, the Governments have been active in laying
the foundation for a network of cooperation to stop traffickers and prosecute
them, protect victims of trafficking and assist them return safely home, and
launch efforts to prevent others from sharing the same fate. Police rescue 47 Laotian women forced into prostitution in
Thai karaoke bars [DOC] Associated Press AP, [accessed 29 December 2010] Thai police on Wednesday raided
two karaoke bars in a province near The women rescued from the bars in
Chachoengsao province, 30 kilometers (19 miles)
east of the capital, included eight girls under age 18, said police Col. Kraibun Songsuat. He said the
bars' operators had kept the doors to the bars locked to keep the women from
escaping. Thai woman admits selling girl into sex trade The www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20050705a2.html [accessed 3 May 2012] A Thai woman in Khmer girls' trafficking ordeal Kylie Morris, BBC News, Thai-Cambodian border, 2 June 2005 news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4599709.stm [accessed 29 December 2010] A recent court case in Sex, lies and bad debts The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 October 2004 www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/10/15/1097784049462.html [accessed 30 December 2010] Although the extent of sexual servitude
in Human Supply And Demand www.cambodia.oggham.com/?p=418 [access date unavailable] Inside the "abandoned" shop houses there were already a number of Cambodian inhabitants. They greeted the newcomers and led them inside. The mission of illegal entry was completed; the next step would be to find "buyers" for the human cargo. Seduction, Sale & Slavery:
Trafficking In Women & Children For Sexual Exploitation In Jonathan Martens, Maciej ‘Mac’ Pieczkowski and Bernadette van Vuuren-Smyth, International Organization for Migration
(IOM), Regional Office for Southern
Africa, At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 12 September 2011] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - The major findings may be
summarized as follows: Mozambican victims include both
girls and young women between the ages of 14 and 24. They are offered jobs as
waitresses or sex workers in Freedom House Country Report - Political Rights: 5 Civil Liberties: 4 Status: Partly Free 2009 Edition www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7717 [accessed 30 December 2010] Human Rights Overview Human Rights Watch [accessed 30 December 2010] Library of Congress Call Number DS563.5 .T4563 1989 lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/thtoc.html [accessed 30 December 2010] "Modern day slavery". Prostitution in exquis Dodano:
30 July 2003 www.sciaga.pl/tekst/16435-17-modern_day_slavery_prostitution_in_thailand [accessed 30 December 2010] To every one of us being a child
means playing, laughing, eating ice cream, being surrounded with loving and
caring parents. For children in A Modern Form of Slavery: Trafficking of Burmese Women and
Girls into Brothels in Human Rights Watch (December 1993) -- ISBN-10:
156432107X, ISBN-13: 978-1564321077 www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/156432107X?v=glance [accessed 30 December 2010] by Women's Rights Project (Human
Rights Watch) (Author), Fighting Child Trafficking Peter Hadfield, Deutsche Welle News, 01.09.2007 www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1104482,00.html [accessed 30 December 2010] "Families are still
struggling to survive, and often, the poverty and the disparities between
countries, and also between rural areas and the towns, pushes children and
families to seek better opportunities," says Ravi
Kaneta, who works in the child protection section
at UNICEF, which focuses on child trafficking and sexual exploitation. He says Singaporean man arrested on human trafficking charges -
Result of ongoing investigations in Pattaya Mail, 22 May 2004 www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/10741-singaporean-man-arrested-for-human-trafficking/ [accessed 30 December 2010] The charges brought against Lui Bok Poh
were the result of ongoing investigations in Police revealed that, in
cooperation with international agencies, they have a long list of those
involved in human trafficking and will eventually arrest them all,
confiscating all their assets in the process. Video Warns of Human Traffickers' False Promises The Nation, Click [here]
to connect. The URL is not shown
because of its length [accessed 3 May 2012] He said the majority of the young
trafficking victims who saw the video said they had not been aware of the
risks and possible consequences associated with work migration. Khammoune Souphanthong, director of the Lao Social Welfare Department,
welcomed the video, saying it would be a useful tool in educating Lao
children on the dangers of trafficking. Local and Thai procurers lure Lao
boys and girls with false promises of well-paid jobs in Thai families partners in child sex trade - Border area's
products are drugs and daughters Andrew Perrin, San Francisco Chronicle, Mae Sai, www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/02/06/MN11926.DTL [accessed 25 January 2011] When Burmese migrant Ngun Chai
sold his 13-year-old daughter into prostitution for $114, his wife, La, had one regret -- they didn't get a good price for her. "I should have asked for 10,000 baht
($228)," La Chai said. "He robbed
us." Human traffic, human rights: redefining victim protection [PDF] Anti-Slavery International, ISBN: 0 900918 55 1 At one time this article had been archived and may
possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 12 September 2011] [page 177]
LAH - Lah, an ethnic minority woman from Gender Concerns a Case Study of Sudarat Sereewat,
FACE (Fight Against Child Exploitation) -- This paper is for Asia and Pacific
Alliance of YMCAs Regional Consultation on Gender Concerns focussing on Girls Trafficking and Forced Prostitution,
14 - 19 September 2001, www.asiapacificymca.org/statements/Untitled-2.html [accessed 30 December 2010] I. A CASE OF LAOTIAN GIRLS BEING
TRAFFICKED INTO THAILAND FOR PROSTITUTION - A CRY FOR RESCUE - These 5 girls, aged 15, 16, two
20 and 23, testified that they were lured to work as waitress in a restaurant
and will get about 15,000 Baht per month. They traveled in different trips
and different days but were coerced and accompanied by the same Laotian woman
trafficker across the border to These girls could not leave the
place on their own. The place where they slept was
not too far from the working place…the massage parlour,
but they were always put in a car which drove them between the two places.
The 15 years old girl were there for about 5 months,
longer than the others. One of them had been there for only about 20 days
before being rescued. Millions Suffer in Sex Slavery United Press International UPI, Chicago, 24 April 2001 archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/23/184354.shtml [accessed 30 December 2010] Statistical estimates indicate
300,000 women have been sold into the sex trade in Western Europe in the last
10 years, and since 1990, 80,000 women and children from Myanmar (formerly
Burma), Cambodia, Laos and China have been sold into Thailand's sex industry. Crisis-hit Kyodo News, www.thefreelibrary.com/Crisis-hit+Laos+wrestles+with+child-trafficking+problem.-a059332210 [accessed 30 December 2010] Thousands of Lao youths illegally
migrate to Development and Education Program for Daughters and
Communities, 30 May 2005 www.towardfreedom.com/home/content/view/200/65/ [accessed 30 December 2010] Many rural families are landless
or in debt to money lenders. As a result, men go to the cities for casual
work. Often they don't return, however, leaving their wives to raise families
single-handedly. Faced with such pressures, some parents view their daughters
as commodities which can be traded. Brothel owners have networks of agents
combing the villages for troubled families with daughters, making tempting
offers of good jobs in the big cities and resort areas. So begins a cycle in
which relatives, village headmen, police, government officials, and business
people all benefit from the girls' labor. Forced Prostitution Rampant in Feminist News, July 14, 1998 -- Media Resources: www.feminist.org/news/newsbyte/uswirestory.asp?id=2404 [accessed 30 December 2010] Young girls in Trafficking of Burmese Women and Girls into Brothels in Human Rights Watch, www.hrw.org/en/news/1994/01/30/trafficking-burmese-women-and-girls-brothels-thailand [accessed 30 December 2010] The Thai government is guilty of
complicity in the trafficking of Burmese women and girls into Dying to Leave Thirteen, www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/dying-to-leave/human-trafficking-worldwide/thailand/1464/ [accessed 26 December 2010] VICTIMS - Traffickers find fertile ground
in But with the boom in trafficked
women and children from But often, defining whether a
victim has been forced to take up sex work or other labor or chosen to do so
willingly is an impossible task. With limited options for work in All material used herein
reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107 for noncommercial,
nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE
RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT ARTICLES.
Cite this webpage as: Patt, Prof. Martin, "Human Trafficking
& Modern-day Slavery - |
Human Trafficking in [Thailand Street Children in [Thailand] [other countries]Child Prostitution in [Thailand] [other countries]