C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Ukraine.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of
particular interest to you. You might
be interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and
how some succeed in leaving. Perhaps
your paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their
leaving. Other factors of interest
might be poverty, rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction,
hunger, neglect, etc. On the other hand,
you might choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who
control this activity. There is a lot
to the subject of Child Prostitution.
Scan other countries as well as this one. Draw comparisons between activity in
adjacent countries and/or regions.
Meanwhile, check out some of the Term-Paper resources
that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims La Strada
Ukraine Within Ukraine – 0800 500 225 From abroad – 442 053 736 International Organization for
Migration – 44-568 50 15 Country code: 380- ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** The Situation Of
Children In Ukraine And Their Vulnerability To Commercial Sexual Exploitation
[PDF] Julia. Galustyan, Head of Centre for Gender Studies, PhD. in
Sociology & Valentina. Novitskaya, Research Fellow,
Centre for Gender Studies, ECPAT International, Ukrainian Institute Of Social
Research, 2003 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here]
[accessed 5 August
2011] According IOM data,
of 1355 Ukrainian victims of trafficking who asked for help, 10% were
adolescents (mostly aged from 12 to18).
In September 2003, in the There are rare
cases when parents themselves sell their children: In Yevpatoria,
Flourishing of
child prostitution in Ukraine Juan Miguel Petit,
Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography,
Mar 22, 2007 [URL of the report
has been withheld due to a suspected virus threat at that location] [Last access date
unavailable] Juan Miguel Petit said that Ukrainian child prostitution has increased for recent years. According to the research of Ukrainian Institute of Social Investigation, there are 11% of children at the age of 12-15 and 20% of children at the age of 16-17 among women who are engaged in sexual service. Petit pointed out that there are even 10 years old girls who are involved in prostitution. The UNO chairman
worries about the way the procurers, trafficking dealers and producers of
pornography use children. He learned from mass media and different booklets
for tourists that there are many announcements about weddings and meetings
which are not controlled. He emphasized that with visa free entrance for
majority of west countries Ukraine is turning into an open country for
sex-tourism. The Commission's Special Rapporteur apprehends that there are
many juveniles, exploited in this spreading activity. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Elisa Maran, ECPAT
International, 2011 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A4A_V2_CIS_UKRAINE.pdf [accessed 9
September 2020] Desk review of
existing information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Ukraine.
The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures,
child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for
action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ukraine/ [accessed 9
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation
of children, the sale of children, offering or procuring a child for child
prostitution, and practices related to child pornography. The minimum prison
sentence for child rape is eight years. Molesting a child younger than 16 is
punishable by imprisonment for up to five years. The same offense committed
against a child younger than 14 is punishable by imprisonment for five to
eight years. The age of consent is 16. Sexual exploitation
of children, however, remained significantly underreported. Commercial sexual
exploitation of children remained a serious problem. Domestic and
foreign law enforcement officials reported that a significant amount of child
pornography on the internet continued to originate in the country. The
International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that children from
socially disadvantaged families and those in state custody continued to be at
high risk of trafficking, including for commercial sexual exploitation and
the production of pornography. For example, on September 4, the Pechersk District Court in Kyiv authorized the arrest of
a Kyiv resident who allegedly produced and disseminated pornography of his
two children. An investigation was underway as of October. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 9
September 2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 1181] Children from
Ukraine are trafficked both internationally and domestically for commercial
sexual exploitation and forced begging. (16,18)
Children with disabilities and homeless, orphaned, and poor children,
especially those living in state-run institutions, are at high risk of being
trafficked and targeted by recruiters for child pornography. (1,16,17,28,29) Ukraine is a destination and transit country
for refugees from Afghanistan, Somalia, and Syria. Refugees lack access to
state-run children’s shelters, have no formal means of acquiring food and
other assistance from the government, and experience heightened vulnerability
to child trafficking. (29) Concluding
Observations Of The Committee On The Rights Of The Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 17 November 1995 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/crc-ukraine95.htm [accessed 5 January
2011] [14] The Committee
regrets that appropriate measures have not yet been taken to effectively
prevent and combat ill treatment of children in schools or in institutions
where children may be placed. The Committee is also preoccupied by the
existence on a large scale of child abuse and violence within the family and
the insufficient protection afforded by the existing legislation and services
in that regard. The problem of sexual exploitation of children also requires
special attention. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights International
Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 24/09/2001 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/esc/ukraine2001.html [accessed 19
September 2011] [11] The Committee
is concerned at the large-scale trafficking and commercial sexual
exploitation of women and children. [29] The Committee
encourages the State party to strengthen its efforts to combat the
trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of women and children. It
recommends that the State party vigorously pursue the enforcement of criminal
laws in this regard; ensure that victims are not penalized and are provided
with rehabilitation; ensure that the National Coordination Council against
Trafficking is adequately resourced and staffed; and reinforce its
cooperation with international and regional organizations, as well as on a
bilateral basis. The Committee recommends that the State party, in its fifth
periodic report, provide full information on the trafficking and commercial
sexual exploitation of women and children, including data on the scale of the
phenomenon. helping to feed Cassandra Jardine,
The Telegraph, 24 Jan 2009 [accessed 8 August
2011] At night, they
emerge to steal, forage and earn money from prostitution; by day, they cuddle
up to the giant hot water pipes that serve public buildings. These are the
street children of Kharkiv, eastern Ukraine. As many as 200,000
such unaccounted-for children live rough in a country where daytime
temperatures can be -20C (-4F). They live under manholes that cover the
maintenance points for the city’s heating system and conditions are cramped,
insanitary and dangerous – many are burnt by the scalding pipes. But it is
their only means of survival in a country which has been beset by problems
since independence from the Wisdom Dzidedi Donkor, Public Agenda ( allafrica.com/stories/200711051563.html [partially accessed
8 August 2011 - access restricted]] RESEARCH FINDINGS - In the Ukraine, a
survey conducted by the group "La Strada-Ukraine"
in 2001-2003, based on a sample of 106 women being 'trafficked' out of
Ukraine found that 3% were under 18, and the US State Department reported in
2004 that incidents of minors being trafficked was increasing. UN children rights
expert gives Ukraine mixed report on a new protection model UN News Service, 31
October 2006 www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=20430&Cr=child&Cr1=rights [accessed 8 August
2011] UN Special
Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography,
Juan Miguel Petit, said the country needs “to build a new model of protection
for children’s rights,” one that allows a greater role for non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and private sector initiatives, to make up for
diminished state capabilities. One key
institutional gap is the “absence of a separate juvenile justice system” to
deal with child prostitution, trafficking and street children, Mr. Petit
said. Joint East West
Research on Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Edited by: Muireann O’Briain, Anke van den Borne & Theo Noten,
ECPAT Europe Law Enforcement Group, Programme
against Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Europe, www.childcentre.info/projects/traffickin/dbaFile11169.pdf [accessed 5 January
2011] [accessed 10
February 2016] [page 35]
Only a few prostituted minors in Ukraine work in hotels, casinos and
restaurants; most of them offer their services at stations, on highways and
in marketplaces. The report refers to the dangerous and unhygienic conditions
in which minor prostitutes in Ukraine work, particularly those who operate on
the highways and the streets. For this reason, many prostituted children get
ill with sexually transmitted diseases. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Ukrainian National
Consultation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children ECPAT International,
Situational Analysis Research, At one time this article
had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 8 August
2011] Research shows that
of all those engaged in prostitution in the country, 11% are girls aged
between 12 and 15, and 20% are aged 16 to 17. Furthermore, 18% of street
children in ECPAT: Trafficking
in Children for Sexual Purposes ECPAT International
Newsletter, Issue No : 33
1/December/2000 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] EASTERN EUROPE - The Way Home The Way Home - At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 5 August
2011] WHAT IS HAPPENING? - How do the
children survive out in the street? They united into groups, worked out their
rules and habits. They earn their living in every possible way honestly and
not very honestly. They wash cars, carry heavy things, beg, steal, get
engaged in prostitution… Naturally, the children who stay out of doors do not
go to school. LifeNets Commits to Helping
Orphans and Street Children in Vinogradov Victor Kubik, LifeNets, July 26, 2001 www.lifenets.org/vinogradov/072601.htm [accessed 5 August
2011] Children have had
to fend for themselves. Many of them
are orphans or have lost one of their parents. It is sad, but many of the children know
their parents only as alcoholics and know only sickness, cold and
hunger. The children's lives are often
accompanied with beatings, addition to drugs, criminality, prostitution and
begging. Constantly we see children searching through garbage cans to
something edible. ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - UKRAINE [PDF] ECPAT International,
2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/Europe/Global_Monitoring_Report-UKRAINE.pdf [accessed 7 August
2011] Ukraine is a
country from which children are trafficked for sexual purposes. Minors are
trafficked primarily to Russia and other Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS) countries, as well as to western European countries. Ukraine is also a
destination country, and during the summer months in particular, many minors
from CIS countries are trafficked to the Crimea and the Azov sea coast for
prostitution. This phenomenon is directly connected to child sex tourism,
which is practised by Ukrainian citizens and
foreigners alike and seems to be on the rise. Research has shown
that between 30 and 40 per cent of sex workers in Ukraine are between 11 and
18 years old. Most of them are prostituted in tourist resorts in the Black
Sea during the summer months, particularly in the Odessa and Crimea regions.
This suggests a strong link between the prostitution of children and child
sex tourism within the country. Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61682.htm [accessed 11
February 2020] CHILDREN - Children
continued to be victims of violence and abuse. The Voice of Ukraine newspaper
reported that, in response to a January 2004 poll by the State Institute of
Family and Youth, 43 percent of minors said that they had been victims of
some form of violence. During 2003, 300 criminal cases were opened against
parents for neglect of parental duties. The majority of complaints of abuse
of children related to child prostitution,
pornographic video sales, child molestation, and illegal child labor. The commercial
sexual exploitation of children remained a serious problem. According to
domestic and foreign law enforcement officials, a significant portion of the
child pornography available on the Internet continued to originate in All
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