C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Russia.htm
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CAUTION: The following links
and accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the
situation in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking for
material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on this
page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. HELP for Victims Angel Coalition ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Stopping sexual
abuse of Russian kids Cesar Chelala M.D., The search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20070911cc.html [accessed 20 December
2010] One of the
regrettable consequences of the uneven economic expansion that Sexual abuse of children
can take several forms — from their use in pornographic materials for sale,
to their use in other countries and Russia itself as prostitutes. Lured by
fake promises in fashion magazines, some schoolgirls rate prostitution high
on the list of modern "professions" to pursue. They believe that
prostitution and contact with rich businessmen will provide them with the
kind of lifestyle that they could never expect otherwise. St. Petersburg and
the northwest region of Russia report a high incidence of sex tourism, which
is widely advertised on the Internet and aimed at people from neighboring
Scandinavian countries. Prostitution is the most common form of child
exploitation in the region. Frequent
recruiting targets are street children or children from dysfunctional
families. Once they're entrapped, they may end up in brothels and red-light
districts as they get older. Recruiters prey on these children's situations,
deceiving them into a life of dependency. Children engaged in
prostitution frequently belong to families in extreme poverty, and
characterized by alcohol and drug addiction or a hostile family atmosphere.
In other cases, they are orphans who have made the street their home. – htsccp ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] Melissa Lonn, ECPAT International, 2012 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/A4A_V2_CIS_RUSSIA.pdf [accessed 6
September 2020] Desk review of existing
information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in the Russian
Federation. The report looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive
measures, child and youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes
recommendations for action against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/russia/ [accessed 6
September 2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - The age of consent is 16. The law prohibits the commercial
sexual exploitation, sale, offering, or procuring for prostitution, and
practices related to child pornography. Authorities generally enforced the
law. For example, on September 25, authorities arrested an Orthodox priest,
Nikolay Stremskiy, who had adopted 70 children and
charged him with sexual assault and debauchery. He was alleged to have
sexually abused seven of the minors in his care. As of December Stremskiy remained in pretrial detention. The law prohibits
the manufacture, distribution, and possession with intent to distribute child
pornography, but possession without intent to distribute is not prohibited by
law. Manufacture and distribution of pornography involving children younger
than age 18 are punishable by two to eight years in prison or three to 10
years in prison if children younger than 14 are involved. Authorities
considered child pornography to be a serious problem. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 30 September 2005 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/russia2005.html [accessed 20
December 2010] [78] The Committee
is concerned about the large number of children and young people being sexually
exploited in the State party. It is concerned that teenage prostitution is an
acute problem in the State party. It is also concerned that children aged 14
to 18 years old are not legally protected from involvement in prostitution
and pornography. Pa. businessman
charged with sex crimes in Russia Joann Loviglio, Associated Press AP, origin.foxnews.com/wires/2008Dec03/0,4670,SexTourism,00.html [accessed 14 July
2011] A federal indictment
alleges he molested three teenage girls brought to his apartment in Four Russian men
already have been convicted in Russia in the case, authorities said. Wisdom Dzidedi Donkor, Public Agenda, allafrica.com/stories/200711051563.html [partially accessed
14 July 2011 - access restricted] RESEARCH FINDINGS - A 2006 report by
World Vision Middle East/Eastern Europe funded by the Canadian government and
supported by six United Nations agencies and the International Organization
For Child Migration reported that the sexual exploitation of children, child
trafficking and sexual violence towards minors is increasing and that RUSSIA: Stopping
Sexual Abuse of Children Cesar Chelala, the sapn.nonprofitoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_PR&SEC={EB2171E6-BE74-412A-B547-0B465A9669DC}&DE={ED19DEC4-DF03-4728-A5E5-2695B04BBCDE} [accessed 14 July
2011] St. Petersburg and
northwestern Russia report a high incidence of sex tourism, which is widely
advertised on the Internet and is aimed at people from neighboring
Scandinavian countries. Child prostitution is the most common form of child
exploitation in that region. Soldiers Child Exploitation At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 July
2011] While in the city’s
newspaper printing complex editions with unproved accusations and the names
of victims were coming off the presses, 12-year-old children, as before, were
jumping into shiny foreign cars at the Moscow Station, to emerge half an hour
later with bundles of bank notes, and the city’s procuring agencies continued
to supply girls and boys to their proven clientele and, as before, video
cassettes with child pornography were being sold in the city’s marketplaces.
On St. Petersburg’s streets, 11-year-old boys sell their younger sisters to
groups of drunken men for a handful of candy; their peers are engaged in oral
sex for two tubes of Moment glue. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Joint East West
Research on Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Edited by: Muireann O’Briain, Anke van den Borne & Theo Noten,
ECPAT Europe Law Enforcement Group, Programme
against Trafficking in Children for Sexual Purposes in Europe, Amsterdam,
2004 -- ISBN: 90-74270-19-0 www.childcentre.info/projects/traffickin/dbaFile11169.pdf [accessed 14 July
2011] [page 35] According to the experts, most of the
clients that buy sexual services from children in foreign countries are either
paedophiles or middle aged men. Interviewees were
not able to give approximate costs for sexual services. It is thought that it
depends on the specific nature of service: sexual contact with a child under
12 years of age is more expensive than with a minor over that age. Boys
attract a more specific market and are more expensive than girls. Both men
and women purchase child sexual services in Russia. They are often married,
and are mainly Russian or from CIS countries. North-West Russia and Saint Petersburg
are the most accessible markets for illegal sexual services for clients from
western countries, such as Finland, Sweden, Germany, Norway and England.
However, Africa, Turkey, Arabian countries, India, Iran, Japan and the USA are
mentioned among the more distant foreign countries. Clients from Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are also mentioned. Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 14 July
2011] [63] Steps are
currently being taken to strengthen criminal liability for crimes committed
against juveniles. There is no criminal liability for engaging in
prostitution; accordingly, juveniles are not held
liable. Individuals who have reached 18 shall be criminally liable
for committing sexual intercourse, sodomy or a lesbian act (without the use
of force) with a person known not to have attained the age of 14. Crisis
Centres and Violence against Women - Dialogue in
the E Barents Region [PDF] Aino Saarinen &
Elaine Carey-Bélanger (eds.), ISBN 951-42-7398-2 /
ISSN 1239-8217 wwwedu.oulu.fi/ktl/NCRB/MAIN/NEW/careybe.pdf#search=%22%22commercial
%20sexual%20exploitation%20of%20children%22%20%22modern%20Russia%22%22 [accessed 17
September 2011] [p. 109] Tatiana Pyshkina, Iosif Gurvich, Maia Rusakova and Anna
Yakovleva, THE COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF
CHILDREN IN ST. PETERSBURG AND NORTH WEST RUSSIA: RUSSIAN LEGISLATION AND
ACTIVITY OF LAW-ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES Warping
the Future: A look at the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Barrie Youth
Ambassadors, Global Perspective programs - 2001 youthambassadors.barrie.ca/global2001/ISUchildexploitation.htm [accessed 14 July
2011] CASE
STUDY #1: RUSSIAN FEDERATION; PAY THE RIGHT PRICE AND GET THE CHILD OF YOUR
CHOICE
- Would you prefer blond hair with blue eyes, red hair with green eyes or
dark hair with brown eyes? Does tiny and petite or tall and slender turn your
crank? Wherever the interests of the buyer lay, those of the seller are not
far behind. In Eastern Europe, specifically Child
Prostitution with Foreign Involvement in the North-Western Region of Sector of Deviant
Behavior and Social Control at the Institute of Sociology at the
Saint-Petersburg Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences in April – May 2000 www.childcentre.info/projects/exploitation/resumerusongproj.doc [accessed 14 July
2011] Children of both
genders are involved into prostitution. A part of them provides homosexual
services for men and women. The children are drawn into prostitution
beginning at age 9. Often they are better developed physically than their age
suggests. Rarely they are underdeveloped. Half of
them have mental-development deviations. As persons, the children may be
characterized with perverse interests, low self-esteem, mercantile behavior,
and low school results if they go to school at all. They commonly suffer
behavior disorders characterized by runaway, abuse of alcohol and drugs, and
suicide attempts. Their sexual life starts on average at the age of 11, often
after being raped by an adult family member or by peers of their own age. The
Incidence of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the The Baltic Sea
States Support Group, Prime Minister's Office • S-103 33, www.sasian.org/legal/baltic/baltic2.htm [accessed 14 July 2011] Russian National
Consultation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children ECPAT International,
At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 July
2011] Trafficking from The Angel Coalition At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 July
2011] ECPAT: Trafficking
in Children for Sexual Purposes ECPAT International
Newsletter, Issue No : 33
1/December/2000 At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 13
September 2011] EASTERN EUROPE - Since 1989, the
trafficking of children from the The Street Children
Project in V Rev Myron Effing,
C.J.D., At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 July
2011] SOME STORIES ABOUT
STREET CHILDREN
- The legal age of consent for sexual activity in Assessment Hugh Griffiths, Médecins du Monde At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 14 July
2011] Street children are
constituted in groups of between 10 and 40. They congregate in places known
as "tousovkas" .
The tousovka is often situated at metro and railway
stations. These places provide shelter and warmth in the evenings in a city
where the temperature often drops to -25 degrees during winter. The tousovkas also provide the street children with a means
of financial and material support.
Children can beg for cigarettes and money; a significant number of the
girls appeared to be involved in prostitution, as well as many of the boys. Kids struggle to
survive Douglas Birch, articles.baltimoresun.com/2002-01-20/news/0201200244_1_railway-station-subway-begging [accessed 7 October
2012] The Kursky railway station, just east of central Children face
street curfew in Moscow Michael Binyon, The Times ( www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/6038-11.cfm [accessed 14 July
2011] At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] Helsingin Sanomat,
7 December 2001 www2.hs.fi/english/archive/news.asp?id=20011207IE5 [accessed 14 July
2011] The district court
in the southeastern coastal city of Hamina ordered a 42-year-old Finnish man
to pay a fine of more than FIM 10,000 (EUR 1,682) for buying sexual services
from two underage girls in the Russian city of Vyborg. Trafficking for
Sexual Exploitation: The Case of the Prepared for the
International Organization for Migration IOM by Prof. Donna M. Hughes, June
2002 www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/russia.pdf [accessed 20
December 2010] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - For others, such
as the new groups of street children and orphans which did not exist in
Russia ten years ago, they are recruited at an early age, virtually sold into
slavery, and may never know another way of life. This is true for countless
young Russian girls and boys, some as young as 12 years of age, who may later
become a part of criminal syndicates themselves and perpetuate this
phenomenon. In this way, more and more people without options are lured into
sub-human and degrading conditions, often for the rest of their lives. – htsccp ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** ECPAT Global
Monitoring Report on the status of action against commercial exploitation of
children - THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION [PDF] ECPAT International,
2006 www.ecpat.net/A4A_2005/PDF/Europe/Global_Monitoring_Report-RUSSIA.pdf [accessed 14 July
2011] The Ministry of
Interior estimates that up to 17,000 children are exploited in prostitution
in the country, but the actual number is believed to be much higher. In
Moscow alone, experts reckon that between 20,000 and 30,000 children may be victimised through prostitution, some raising this figure
as high as 50,000. Sexual exploitation
of minors occurs in all regions in Russia, but more accurate data and
research are only available on the situation in the northwest, especially in
St. Petersburg, and in central Russia, particularly in Moscow. Engaging
minors with learning difficulties or from rural areas or provincial towns in
the sex industry is a growing trend. In Moscow, the prostitution of children
is highly organised and mainly controlled by
criminal gangs, facilitated by corruption on the part of law enforcers.
Agents who recruit girls work in educational establishments, employment
services, cafés, railway stations and marketplaces, and entice minors with
promises of good jobs and ‘the high life’. Most of the child victims in the
city live on the street either all or most of the time. In St. Petersburg,
child prostitution is not controlled by criminal organisations,
although some pimps do operate, and sometimes even children are used as
pimps. In the northern region, a substantial number of children become
victims of commercial sexual exploitation through their parents, who are
often involved in prostitution themselves and involve their children directly
or sell them to pimps or traffickers; children as young as eight are sexually
exploited, and advertisements explicitly seek girls to engage in work of a
sexual nature. The root causes for
the involvement of children in commercial sexual exploitation in Russia are
poverty, family conflicts, alcoholism, drug abuse in the home, violence,
neglect and poor living and housing conditions. In the north, most child
victims are vagrants (due to the same causes), orphans or have no parental
care. Their involvement in prostitution is also often linked to a dependency
on alcohol and/or drugs. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/russia.htm [accessed 20
December 2010] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Estimates of the number of street children range
from 100,000 to 150,000, with possibly 4 million additional children at risk
of living on the streets. Homeless children often receive no education, are
more susceptible to substance abuse, and frequently engaged in criminal
activities, including prostitution, to survive. Without educational
opportunities or family support, youth form or join gangs or groups and turn
to crime. In 2004, seven persons were sentenced for acts involving the
recruitment and sexual exploitation of children. Children work in
informal retail services, sell goods on the street, wash cars, make
deliveries, collect trash and beg. Children are trafficked globally for
sexual exploitation from Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61671.htm [accessed 10
February 2020] CHILDREN – Homeless
children often engaged in criminal activities, received no education, and were
vulnerable to drug and alcohol abuse. Some young girls on the streets turned
to, or were forced into, prostitution to survive. SECTION
6 WORKER RIGHTS
– [d] Accepted social prohibitions against employment of children and the
availability of adult workers at low wages generally prevented widespread
abuse of child labor. Nonetheless, children working and living on the streets
remained a problem. Parents often used their children to lend credence to
their poverty when begging or had them beg. Homeless children were at
heightened risk for exploitation in prostitution or criminal activities. All
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
for noncommercial, nonprofit, and educational use. PLEASE RESPECT COPYRIGHTS OF COMPONENT
ARTICLES. Cite this webpage as: Patt,
Prof. Martin, "Child Prostitution - |
