C S E C The Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children In the early years of the 21st Century, 2000 to
2025 gvnet.com/childprostitution/Chile.htm
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CAUTION: The following links and
accompanying text have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation
in HOW TO USE THIS WEBPAGE Students If you are looking
for material to use in a term-paper, you are advised to scan the postings on
this page and others to see which aspects of child prostitution are of particular
interest to you. You might be
interested in exploring how children got started, how they survive, and how
some succeed in leaving. Perhaps your
paper could focus on runaways and the abuse that led to their leaving. Other factors of interest might be poverty,
rejection, drug dependence, coercion, violence, addiction, hunger, neglect,
etc. On the other hand, you might
choose to write about the manipulative and dangerous adults who control this
activity. There is a lot to the
subject of Child Prostitution. Scan
other countries as well as this one.
Draw comparisons between activity in adjacent countries and/or
regions. Meanwhile, check out some of
the Term-Paper
resources that are available on-line. Teachers Check out some of
the Resources
for Teachers attached to this website. ***
FEATURED ARTICLE *** Jen Ross, San
Francisco Chronicle, www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/11/24/MNG7U38LD81.DTL [accessed 28 April
2011] But behind these
high-profile figures are the thousands of youngsters who sell themselves
nightly on Chilean streets for $1 to $50 a trick. Across the nation, there
are 4,000 children working in the commercial sex trade, according to a recent
study by the National Youth Service (SENAME). Other surveys put the number as
high as 15,000. Francisco, 15, has
been a sex worker for half of his life. "I saw other kids doing
it," he said. "We did it out of need." Francisco said his mother died in
childbirth, and his father was shot to death in Colombia. He bounced from
orphanage to orphanage before escaping at age 7 to live on the streets of
this capital city of 5 million inhabitants. Jonathan, a
15-year-old transvestite, entered the sex trade by choice. "I wanted to
buy my own clothes," said the tube-top-clad youngster, who began selling
his body at 12. He recently left the streets after several of his colleagues
disappeared. He counts himself lucky that he escaped danger. He may be the exception. Francisco has been
beaten numerous times by pimps and clients. Maria San Martín, a former child
prostitute, says she was raped by a client and lost a good friend, who was
killed by her pimp. "Thank God I
lived to tell this," she said. "But so many girls have died." Child advocates say
the Spiniak case has prompted many Chileans, who
they say are conditioned to ignore child beggars, to finally see child
prostitution as a widespread social problem. ***
ARCHIVES *** ECPAT Country
Monitoring Report [PDF] NGO Raíces & NGO Paicabí, and Iria Retuerto Mendaña, ECPAT International, 2014 www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CMR_CHILE_FINAL.pdf [accessed 26 August
2020] Desk review of existing
information on the sexual exploitation of children (SEC) in Chile. The report
looks at protection mechanisms, responses, preventive measures, child and
youth participation in fighting SEC, and makes recommendations for action
against SEC. Human
Rights Reports » 2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices U.S. Dept of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and
Labor, March 10, 2020 www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/chile/ [accessed 25 August
2020] SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN - Commercial sexual exploitation of children and
adolescents was a problem, and children were victims of sex trafficking with
and without third-party involvement. Children were also used in the
production of pornography. The law prohibits all forms of human trafficking,
prescribing penalties ranging from five years and one day to 15 years in
prison, plus fines, for trafficking offenses. Nevertheless, child
sex-trafficking cases were often prosecuted under a different law, Article
367 of the penal code, which provides lesser penalties. Due to sentencing
guidelines for first-time offenders that provide automatic parole for any
sentence of less than five years’ confinement, many convicted traffickers
were given weak and inadequate sentences, which hampered efforts to deter and
hold traffickers accountable. Heterosexual sexual
relations with minors between the ages of 14 and 18 may be considered
statutory rape depending on the circumstances; sex with a child younger than
age 14 is considered rape, regardless of consent or the victim’s gender.
Penalties for statutory rape range from five to 20 years in prison. Child
pornography is a crime. Penalties for producing child pornography range from
541 days to five years in prison. 2018 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor Office of Child
Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor
Affairs, US Dept of Labor, 2019 www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2018/ChildLaborReportBook.pdf [accessed 22 August
2020] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor [page 337] In Chile, children are
subjected to human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation and
domestic work. (9,3,13) Children, some of whom may be trafficking victims,
are also used to steal, or to produce, sell, and transport drugs near the
borders of Peru and Bolivia. (9,3,13) In 2018, the
National Minors’ Service (SENAME) identified 1,459 children and adolescents
who were victims of commercial sexual exploitation. Among those children, approximately 90
percent were girls and 10 percent were boys. (3) Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) UN Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1 February 2002 www1.umn.edu/humanrts/crc/chile2002.html [accessed 28 January
2011] [51] The Committee,
while taking note of the establishment of a working group to prepare a plan
of action against commercial sexual exploitation of children, expresses its
concern that, with regard to the phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation
of children, there are no data available, legislation is inadequate, cases
involving sexually exploited children are often not investigated and
prosecuted, child victims are registered and therefore may be subjected to
criminalization, and social reintegration programs are not available. It
further notes that prostitution of boys is on the rise. Concluding
Observations of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights International
Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Right, www1.umn.edu/humanrts/esc/chile2004.html [accessed 19
September 2011] [9] The Committee
welcomes the adoption in January 2004 of the Law on Crimes of Commercial
Sexual Exploitation. [47] The Committee
recommends that the State party strengthen measures to combat sexual abuse
and commercial sexual exploitation of children and provide victims of such
abuse with adequate care. Five Years After ECPAT: Fifth Report
on implementation of the Agenda for Action ECPAT International,
November 2001 www.no-trafficking.org/content/web/05reading_rooms/five_years_after_stockholm.pdf [accessed 13
September 2011] [B]
COUNTRY UPDATES – Report
by Special Rapporteur [DOC] UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-ninth session, 6 January
2003 www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/217511d4440fc9d6c1256cda003c3a00/$FILE/G0310090.doc [accessed 28 April
2011] [35] The National
Service for Children has launched a sensibilization
campaign over the last two years and has developed a pilot project of intervention
and rehabilitation for victims of commercial sexual
exploitation. The Penal Code criminalizes the trafficking of
children for prostitution or adoption. The use of children under the age of
12 in pornography is illegal. If the child is aged between 12 and 18 it is
not illegal unless violence is used. Parliament is currently considering
modifying the Penal Code to protect all minors under the age of 18 and to
penalize the distribution, acquisition or storing of materials of child
pornography. Children do not incur any criminal liability for their
involvement in these offences. Child
Prostitution in World Vision Report www.worldvision.org/worldvision/radio.nsf/0/81686E593074954988256EF5007D142C?OpenDocument [accessed 28 April
2011] The child sex trade
is a problem in many developing countries. But in news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3182930.stm [accessed 28 April
2011] Three Chilean
politicians have been accused of links with a child prostitution ring that is
the subject of a criminal investigation.
A 15-year-old boy allegedly told police he had been invited to a party
by Mr Spiniak where young
boys were paid 30,000 pesos ($46) for sex. Chile tackles
child-sex trade Jen Ross, The
Christian Science Monitor, www.csmonitor.com/2004/0113/p06s01-woam.html [accessed 28 April
2011] It has taken a
scandal of this magnitude to open The Protection
Project - Human Rights Reports of The The www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/chile.doc [accessed 2009] FORMS OF TRAFFICKING - A recent study
estimates that 4,000 children work in the commercial sex industry in Report Of The
Special Rapporteur On The UN Economic and
Social Council Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-fifth session, 29 January
1999 www.hri.ca/fortherecord1999/documentation/commission/e-cn4-1999-71.htm At one time this
article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [here] [accessed 28 April
2011] 106. Regarding
child prostitution and pornography, prostitution is legal in Regional
Governmental Congress on Sexual Exploitation of Children [PDF] Andrés Musalem Léon de la Barra, Approach to Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children in Chile and the Actions taken by the State www.iin.oas.org/Congreso%20Explotation%20Sexual/CHILE_ing.PDF [accessed 19
November 2016] ***
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE *** Human Rights
Reports » 2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61720.htm [accessed 7 February
2020] TRAFFICKING
IN PERSONS -
A credible 2003 study concluded that more than 3,700 children and
adolescents--the vast majority of whom lived at home
or with close relatives--had been the victims of commercial sexual
exploitation in 2002-03. Anecdotal reports
suggested that young women were the primary targets for trafficking to other
countries. Traffickers reportedly used newspaper advertisements for models and
product promoters to lure girls, ages 11 to 17, into prostitution. Law
enforcement agencies indicated that traffickers looking for children also
targeted economically disadvantaged families, arguing to the parents that
they were giving the child an opportunity for a better life. SENAME, the
ministries of government and health, and other government agencies formed the
Protect Network, which conducted general public awareness and education
campaigns to prevent sexual violence and abuse, including the commercial
sexual exploitation of minors. Nearly 80 percent of SENAME's budget supported
NGO programs, particularly those that worked with street children. The Department of Labor’s 2004 Findings on
the Worst Forms of Child Labor www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/chile.htm [accessed 28 January
2011] Note:: Also check out this country’s report in the more recent edition DOL
Worst Forms of Child Labor INCIDENCE
AND NATURE OF CHILD LABOR - Children are involved in prostitution in All
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